考虑蒸发弯月面区域微观传热的热管径向传热系数研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230897

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气液界面温度、曲率及蒸发弯月面附近的微观传热机制对热管传热性能的准确预测存在重要影响。采用将蒸发弯月面区域的微观传热与宏观区域传热耦合的方法，对梯形沟槽式铜-水热管蒸发端的传热进行模拟，研究了气液界面温度、曲率以及蒸发弯月面区域的微观传热对热管蒸发端径向传热系数的影响。结果表明：蒸发弯月面附近微观区域的气液界面的曲率和固液分子吸附力（分离压力效应）对界面温度的影响不可忽略；微观区域的传热传质对宏观区域的表观接触角以及热管壁面内的宏观温度分布存在显著影响，考虑微观区域传热传质计算出的宏观固体区域的温差更小；若假设气液界面温度T_iv等于蒸气的饱和温度T_sat，计算出的径向传热系数为h_rad= 7.8 W·cm^-2·K^-1，而考虑微观区域传热传质后得到的径向传热系数为h_rad= 4.2 W·cm^-2·K^-1。

关键词: 蒸发, 多尺度, 数值模拟, 热管, 三相接触线

Abstract:

The temperature, curvature of the vapor-liquid interface and the microscale heat transfer mechanism near the evaporating meniscus region have important effects on the accurate prediction of heat transfer performance of heat pipes. The heat transfer at the evaporation end of the trapezoidal grooved copper-water heat pipe was simulated by coupling the microscopic heat transfer in the evaporation meniscus area with the macroscopic area heat transfer. The effects of gas-liquid interface temperature, curvature and microscopic heat transfer in the evaporation meniscus area on the radial heat transfer coefficient at the evaporation end of the heat pipe were studied. The results show that effects of the curvature of the vapor-liquid interface and the adhesion force between solid-liquid molecules (disjoining pressure) on the interface temperature cannot be ignored. The heat and mass transfer in the micro region has significant influence on the apparent contact angle and in the macro region and the macroscale temperature distribution in the heat pipe wall. The temperature difference in the macro solid region is smaller if considering the heat and mass transfer in the micro region. If the vapor-liquid interface temperature T_iv is assumed to be equal to the vapor saturation temperature T_sat, the radial heat transfer coefficient may be greatly overestimated. If the vapor-liquid interface temperature T_iv is equal to the vapor saturation temperature T_sat, the calculated radial heat transfer coefficient is h_rad=7.8 W·cm^-2·K^-1, and a radial heat transfer coefficient h_rad=4.2 W·cm^-2·K^-1 can be obtained after considering the heat and mass transfer in the micro region.

Key words: evaporation, multiscale, numerical simulation, heat pipe, three-phase contact line

中图分类号:

TK 172.4

丁圣洁, 马莎莎, 龚帅. 考虑蒸发弯月面区域微观传热的热管径向传热系数研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(11): 4527-4534.

Shengjie DING, Shasha MA, Shuai GONG. Study on radial heat transfer coefficient of heat pipes considering microscale heat transfer in evaporating meniscus region[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(11): 4527-4534.

图/表 9

图1 梯形沟槽示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of the trapezoidal groove

图2 径向传热系数的迭代计算方法

Fig.2 Iteration method for the calculation of radial heat transfer coefficient

图3 计算区域几何结构、网格划分及微观/宏观区域交界处局部放大图

Fig.3 Computational domain and enlarged view of the grid structure at the interface between micro-region and macro-region

表1 网格无关性验证及实验结果对比

Table 1 Grid independency verification and comparison with experimental result

模型	h_rad/(W·cm^-2·K^-1)
当前模型(网格数134970个)	2.36
当前模型(网格数534624个)	2.32
简化模型(网格数534624个)	7.41
实验结果	2.54

图4 微观区域液膜厚度、热通量和界面温差

Fig.4 Liquid film thickness, heat flux and interfacial temperature difference in micro region

图5 Tf、Tw和Tiv与Tsat的温差在无量纲长度坐标下的半对数图

Fig.5 Semilog plot of differences between Tf, Tw, Tiv and Tsat in dimensionless length coordinates

图6 给定Tf和Tsat时宏观区域的温度分布

Fig.6 Temperature distribution in macro region for given Tf and Tsat

图7 热管壁和液相的等温线

Fig.7 Isotherms in wall and liquid phase

表2 主要计算结果与简化模型和经验关联式结果的比较

Table 2 Comparison of simulation results with result of simplified model and correlations

模型	(T_f $-$ T_iv)/K	$q_{i n}^{″}$ / (W·cm^-2)	(Q_mic/Q_in)/%	h_rad/ (W·cm^-2·K^-1)
当前模型[T_iv = T(ξ)]	1.83	7.69	52	4.2
简化模型（T_iv = T_sat）	1.83	14.27	94	7.8
Schneider等^[17]（T_iv = T_sat）	—	—	—	7.1
Shekriladze等^[18]（T_iv = T_sat）	—	—	—	6.9

表2 主要计算结果与简化模型和经验关联式结果的比较

Table 2 Comparison of simulation results with result of simplified model and correlations

模型	(T_f $-$ T_iv)/K	$q_{i n}^{″}$ / (W·cm^-2)	(Q_mic/Q_in)/%	h_rad/ (W·cm^-2·K^-1)
当前模型[T_iv = T(ξ)]	1.83	7.69	52	4.2
简化模型（T_iv = T_sat）	1.83	14.27	94	7.8
Schneider等^[17]（T_iv = T_sat）	—	—	—	7.1
Shekriladze等^[18]（T_iv = T_sat）	—	—	—	6.9

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