超椭圆织构浮动坝箔片端面气膜密封动态性能分析与优化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240657

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高弹性箔片端面气膜密封（CFFGS）在动态运行过程中的开启性和密封性并降低箔片安装精度要求，提出一种新型超椭圆织构浮动坝箔片端面气膜密封（SHFSD-CFFGS）结构。基于气体润滑和动力学理论，建立SHFSD-CFFGS气弹耦合动力学模型并采用直接数值模拟法求解，对比分析SHFSD-CFFGS与无织构CFFGS的动态性能表现，揭示超椭圆型孔织构对提升密封动态性能的作用机理，并以提高SHFSD-CFFGS动态平均开启力、减小动态平均泄漏率为目标，开展超椭圆织构结构参数和力学结构参数的优化设计。结果表明：SHFSD-CFFGS箔片斜坡区和浮动坝区的超椭圆型孔织构能产生二次动压效应和上游泵送效应，有助于密封开启性和密封性的提升；在本文工况条件下，当浮动坝区超椭圆系数n₂取1、内外侧型孔倾角ϕ₁和ϕ₂均取20°~40°、织构深度T_d2取4~6 μm、方向因子γ取1.75~2.25、浮动坝区柔度系数α₂取5×10^-5~1×10^-4、静环质量m_s取0.1~0.2 kg、弹簧刚度k_s取9×10⁷~1×10⁸ N·m^-1、辅助密封圈阻尼c_z取9×10³~1×10⁴ N·s·m^-1时，SHFSD-CFFGS具有较优的综合动态性能。

关键词: 箔片端面, 气膜密封, 超椭圆织构, 动态性能, 优化设计

Abstract:

To improve the opening and sealing performance of compliant foil face gas seal (CFFGS) during dynamic operation and to reduce the requirement for foil installation accuracy, a novel super-elliptical hole floating seal dam compliant foil face gas seal (SHFSD-CFFGS) structure is proposed. Unlike traditional CFFGS, SHFSD-CFFGS features super-elliptical hole textures in both the foil and sealing dam areas, with additional compliant bump foil support at the bottom of the sealing dam to form a floating dam area. Based on gas lubrication and dynamic theory, an aeroelastic coupling dynamic model of SHFSD-CFFGS is established and solved using direct numerical simulation. The dynamic performances of SHFSD-CFFGS and non-textured CFFGS are compared and analyzed, revealing the mechanisms by which super-elliptical hole textures enhance the dynamic performance of the seal. Simultaneously, aiming to increase the dynamic average opening force and reduce the dynamic average leakage rate of the SHFSD-CFFGS, an optimization design is conducted for super-elliptical texture and mechanical structure parameters. The results show that the super-elliptical hole texture in the slope area and floating dam area of SHFSD-CFFGS foil can produce secondary dynamic pressure effect and upstream pumping effect, which is helpful to improve the seal opening and sealing performance. Under the working conditions of this paper, when the super-elliptical coefficient n₂ of the floating dam area is set to 1, the inclination angles ϕ₁ and ϕ₂of the inner and outer holes are both between 20° and 40°, the texture depth T_d2 ranges from 4 μm to 6 μm, the slender ratio γ varies from 1.75 to 2.25, the compliance coefficient α₂of the floating dam area ranges from 5×10^-5 to 1×10^-4, the static ring mass m_s is between 0.1 kg and 0.2 kg, the spring stiffness k_s ranges from 9×10⁷ N·m^-1 to 1×10⁸ N·m^-1 and the auxiliary sealing ring damping c_z ranges from 9×10³ N·s·m^-1 to 1×10⁴ N·s·m^-1, SHFSD-CFFGS demonstrates superior comprehensive dynamic performance. These findings provide a valuable reference for the optimized design of the dynamic performance of CFFGS.

Key words: foil end face, gas film seal, super-elliptical texture, dynamic performance, optimization design

中图分类号:

TB 42

张俊杰, 陈源, 李运堂, 李孝禄, 王冰清, 彭旭东. 超椭圆织构浮动坝箔片端面气膜密封动态性能分析与优化[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 296-310.

Junjie ZHANG, Yuan CHEN, Yuntang LI, Xiaolu LI, Bingqing WANG, Xudong PENG. Analysis and optimization of dynamic performance of super-elliptical hole floating seal dam compliant foil face gas seal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(1): 296-310.

图/表 18

图1 SHFSD-CFFGS结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of SHFSD-CFFGS

图2 SHFSD-CFFGS动力学物理分析模型

Fig.2 Dynamic physical analysis model of SHFSD-CFFGS

图3 气膜瞬时厚度分布示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of instantaneous thickness distribution of gas film

图4 波箔片等效弹簧示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of bump foil equivalent spring

图5 动态密封性能参数计算流程图

Fig.5 Calculation flow chart of dynamic sealing performance parameters

图6 程序正确性验证

Fig.6 Program correctness verification

表1 初始参数

Table 1 Initial parameter

参数	数值
密封端面内径r_i/mm	58.42
密封坝外径侧半径r_g/mm	64.87
密封端面外径r_o/mm	77.78
初始气膜厚度h_b/μm	3
楔形高度δ_h/μm	15
周期数N_c	8
节距比c	0.4
箔坝比ξ	2
箔片区柔度系数α₁	0.01
浮动坝区柔度系数α₂	1×10^-4
箔片区超椭圆系数n₁	4
浮动坝区超椭圆系数n₂	1
箔片区超椭圆横半轴a₁/mm	2.5
箔片区超椭圆纵半轴b₁/mm	4
浮动坝区超椭圆横半轴a₂/mm	1.75
浮动坝区超椭圆纵半轴b₂/mm	0.7
箔片区织构深度T_d1/μm	5
浮动坝区织构深度T_d2/μm	5
内、外侧倾角ϕ₁、ϕ₂	40°
时间步长Δt/s	1×10^-6
静环质量m_s/kg	0.5
密封坝质量m_d/kg	0.2
弹簧刚度k_s/(N·m^-1)	1×10⁷
静环辅助密封圈阻尼c_z/(N·s·m^-1)	2×10³
外径大气压p_o/MPa	0.3
内径大气压p_i/MPa	0.1
转速ω/(r·min^-1)	1.4×10⁴

图7 SHFSD-CFFGS与CFFGS膜厚动态响应规律对比

Fig.7 Comparison of SHFSD-CFFGS and CFFGS film thickness dynamic response law

图8 SHFSD-CFFGS与CFFGS动态性能参数响应规律对比

Fig.8 Comparison of dynamic performance parameter responses between SHFSD-CFFGS and CFFGS

图9 ta 和tb时刻SHFSD-CFFGS与CFFGS膜压分布对比

Fig.9 Comparison of membrane pressure distribution of SHFSD-CFFGS and CFFGS at time points ta and tb

图10 tc和td时刻SHFSD-CFFGS与CFFGS流场分布对比

Fig.10 Comparison of flow field distribution of SHFSD-CFFGS and CFFGS at time points tc and td

图11 不同超椭圆系数n2和型孔倾角ϕ1、ϕ2下SHFSD-CFFGS动态性能参数的变化规律

Fig.11 Variation of dynamic performance parameters of SHFSD-CFFGS under different super-elliptical coefficients n2 and and inclination angles ϕ1 and ϕ2

图12 不同超椭圆系数n2下SHFSD-CFFGS动态性能参数随织构深度Td2的变化规律

Fig.12 Variation of dynamic performance parameters of SHFSD-CFFGS with texture depth Td2 under different super-elliptical coefficients n2

图13 不同超椭圆系数n2下SHFSD-CFFGS动态性能参数随方向因子γ的变化规律

Fig.13 Variation of dynamic performance parameters of SHFSD-CFFGS with slender ratio γ under different super-elliptical coefficients n2

图14 不同超椭圆系数n2下SHFSD-CFFGS动态性能参数随浮动坝区柔度系数α2的变化规律

Fig.14 Variation of dynamic performance parameters of SHFSD-CFFGS with compliance coefficient α2 under different super-elliptical coefficients n2

图15 不同超椭圆系数n2下SHFSD-CFFGS动态性能参数随静环质量ms的变化规律

Fig.15 Variation of dynamic performance parameters of SHFSD-CFFGS with static ring mass ms under different super-elliptical coefficients n2

图16 不同超椭圆系数n2下SHFSD-CFFGS动态性能参数随弹簧刚度ks的变化规律

Fig.16 Variation of dynamic performance parameters of SHFSD-CFFGS with spring stiffness ks under different super-elliptical coefficients n2

图17 不同超椭圆系数n2下SHFSD-CFFGS动态性能参数随静环辅助密封圈阻尼cz的变化规律

Fig.17 Variation of dynamic performance parameters of SHFSD-CFFGS with auxiliary sealing ring damping cz under different super-elliptical coefficients n2

参考文献 35

1	彭旭东, 宗聪, 江锦波. 干气密封单向螺旋槽及其衍生结构功能演变进展[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(4): 1271-1281.
	Peng X D, Zong C, Jiang J B. Progress in dry gas seal performance evolution of unidirectional spiral groove and its derivative structures[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(4): 1271-1281.
2	Jiang J B, Peng X D, Zong C, et al. Enhancing film stiffness of spiral groove dry gas seal via shape modification at low speed: numerical results and experiment[J]. Tribology Transactions, 2019, 62(6): 931-942.
3	丁俊华, 俞树荣, 王世鹏, 等. 多重效应下超高速干气密封流场模拟及密封性能试验[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 2088-2099.
	Ding J H, Yu S R, Wang S P, et al. Flow simulation and sealing performance test of ultra-high speed dry gas seal under multiple effects[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(5): 2088-2099.
4	于辰, 江锦波, 赵文静, 等. 基于微段组合的干气密封端面型槽结构模型及其参数影响[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(10): 5294-5309.
	Yu C, Jiang J B, Zhao W J, et al. Geometrical model of surface groove based on micro-segment combination for dry gas seal and its parameter influence[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(10): 5294-5309.
5	王衍, 孔康杰, 何一鸣, 等. 干气密封端面型槽可控激光制备的参数模型及实验验证[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 50(10): 142-150.
	Wang Y, Kong K J, He Y M, et al. Parameter model and experimental verification of controllable laser preparation of dry gas seal surface groove[J]. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences), 2023, 50(10): 142-150.
6	李双喜, 宋文博, 张秋翔, 等. 干式气体端面密封的开启特性[J]. 化工学报, 2011, 62(3): 766-772.
	Li S X, Song W B, Zhang Q X, et al. Opening characteristics of dry gas seal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2011, 62(3): 766-772.
7	江锦波, 彭旭东, 白少先, 等. 仿生集束螺旋槽干式气体密封特性的数值分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(15): 20-26.
	Jiang J B, Peng X D, Bai S X, et al. Numerical analysis of characteristics of a bionic cluster spiral groove dry gas seal[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(15): 20-26.
8	丁雪兴, 王平西, 张伟政, 等. 螺旋槽干气密封环端面摩擦试验及其性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(1): 208-214.
	Ding X X, Wang P X, Zhang W Z, et al. Analysis of tribological test and performance under rings end faces of spiral groove dry gas seal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(1): 208-214.
9	Heshmat H. Compliant foil seal: US6505837[P]. 2003-01-14.
10	Munson J, Grant D, Agrawal G. Foil face seal development[C]//37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA, 2001: AIAA2001-3483.
11	Salehi M, Heshmat H. Evaluation of large compliant gas foil seals under engine simulated conditions[C]//38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA, 2002: AIAA2002-3792.
12	Heshmat H, Walton J F. Innovative high-temperature compliant surface foil face seal development[C]//44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit.AIAA, 2008: AIAA2008-4505.
13	Chen Y, Wang Q G, Peng X D, et al. Flow field and sealing performance analysis of compliant foil face gas seal[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 14(6): 1-16.
14	Chen Y, Chen K, Peng X D, et al. Research on the operation mechanism and performance of bump-type compliant foil face gas seal[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2022, 44(8): 325-337.
15	陈源, 熊聪, 彭旭东, 等. 不同箔坝位置关系下浮动坝箔片端面气膜密封性能研究[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2023, 43(5): 481-491.
	Chen Y, Xiong C, Peng X D, et al. Performance of floating seal dam compliant foil face gas seal under different foil-dam positions[J]. Tribology, 2023, 43(5): 481-491.
16	王庆港, 陈源, 彭旭东, 等. 三自由度微扰下箔片端面气膜密封动态特性分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(15): 1828-1840.
	Wang Q G, Chen Y, Peng X D, et al. Analysis on dynamic characteristics of compliant foil face gas seals with three degrees of freedom perturbation[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(15): 1828-1840.
17	邓强国, 宋鹏云, 许恒杰, 等. 干气密封动力学研究新进展[J]. 润滑与密封, 2018, 43(6): 118-127, 148.
	Deng Q G, Song P Y, Xu H J, et al. Current progress of dry gas seal dynamics[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2018, 43(6): 118-127, 148.
18	曹登峰, 宋鹏云, 李伟, 等. 螺旋槽气体端面密封动力学研究进展[J]. 润滑与密封, 2006, 31(5): 178-182, 191.
	Cao D F, Song P Y, Li W, et al. A review on the development of seal dynamics about the spiral grooves gas face seal[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2006, 31(5): 178-182, 191.
19	Miller B A, Green I. Numerical formulation for the dynamic analysis of spiral-grooved gas face seals[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2001, 123(2): 395-403.
20	Green I, Barnsby R M. A simultaneous numerical solution for the lubrication and dynamic stability of noncontacting gas face seals[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2001, 123(2): 388-394.
21	王楠. 规则微孔端面非接触气体机械密封动态特性研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2009.
	Wang N. Study on dynamic characteristics of non-contact gas mechanical seal with regular micropore end face[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2009.
22	胡松涛, 黄伟峰, 刘向锋, 等. 螺旋槽干气密封压差扰动下的瞬态特性研究[J]. 流体机械, 2017, 45(2): 22-27.
	Hu S T, Huang W F, Liu X F, et al. Transient response analysis of spiral groove gas face seals under pressure-drop fluctuation[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2017, 45(2): 22-27.
23	尹源, 黄伟峰, 刘向锋, 等. 基于本征正交分解方法的螺旋槽干气密封瞬态响应分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(21): 79-85.
	Yin Y, Huang W F, Liu X F, et al. Spiral groove gas face seal transient response analysis based on proper orthogonal decomposition method[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(21): 79-85.
24	Chen Y, Jiang J B, Peng X D. Dynamic characteristics and transient sealing performance analysis of hyperelliptic curve groove dry gas seals[J]. Tribology International, 2017, 116: 217-228.
25	张璇, 彭旭东, 江锦波, 等. 型孔形状和方向对孔型阻尼密封泄漏特性影响[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2020, 40(1): 117-127.
	Zhang X, Peng X D, Jiang J B, et al. The influence of shape and directionality of hole on leakage characteristics of hole-pattern damping seals[J]. Tribology, 2020, 40(1): 117-127.
26	Kou G Y, Li X H, Wang Y, et al. Steady performance and dynamic characteristics of a superellipse groove dry gas seal at a high-speed condition[J]. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 2020, 72(6): 789-796.
27	Zirkelback N, San Andre's L. Effect of frequency excitation on force coefficients of spiral groove gas seals[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1999, 121(4): 853-861.
28	Faria M T C. An efficient finite element procedure for analysis of high-speed spiral groove gas face seals[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2001, 123(1): 205-210.
29	Heshmat H, Walowit J A, Pinkus O. Analysis of gas-lubricated foil journal bearings[J]. Journal of Lubrication Technology, 1983, 105(4): 647-655.
30	Heshmat C A, Xu D S, Heshmat H. Analysis of gas lubricated foil thrust bearings using coupled finite element and finite difference methods[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2000, 122(1): 199-204.
31	Ruan B. Numerical modeling of dynamic sealing behaviors of spiral groove gas face seals[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2002, 124(1): 186-195.
32	Iordanoff I. Maximum load capacity profiles for gas thrust bearings working under high compressibility number conditions[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1998, 120(3): 571-576.
33	Chen Y, Zhang J J, Li Y T, et al. Design and performance optimization of texture arrangement scheme for foil face gas seal with super-elliptical hole texture[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2024, 46(6): 1-12.
34	Chen Y, Xiong C, Li Y T, et al. Dynamic performance analysis and parameter collaborative optimization of floating seal dam compliant foil face gas seal[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2023, 45(12): 1-12.
35	陈源. 高速螺旋槽干气密封动态性能理论与实验研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2018.
	Chen Y. Theoretical and experimental study on dynamic performance of high-speed spiral groove dry gas seal[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2018.

编辑推荐 0

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	8	8	0	30

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	29	17
比例	63%	37%

摘要

116

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版

40	0	76

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	35	81
比例	30%	70%

[1]	刘萍, 邱雨生, 李世婧, 孙瑞奇, 申晨. 微通道内纳米流体传热流动特性[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 184-197.
[2]	李雨诗, 陈源, 李运堂, 彭旭东, 王冰清, 李孝禄. 新型柔性坝箔片端面气膜密封变形协调分析及性能智能优化[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 324-334.
[3]	李海东, 张奇琪, 杨路, AKRAM Naeem, 常承林, 莫文龙, 申威峰. 采用智能进化算法的管壳式换热器详细设计[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 241-255.
[4]	杨晔, 卢建刚. 基于融合Transformer的门尼系数预测建模研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 266-282.
[5]	李彦熹, 王晔春, 谢向东, 王进芝, 王江, 周煜, 潘盈秀, 丁文涛, 郭烈锦. 蜗壳式多通道气液旋流分离器结构优化及分离特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(8): 2875-2885.
[6]	黄志鸿, 周利, 柴士阳, 吉旭. 耦合加氢装置优化的多周期氢网络集成[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(5): 1951-1965.
[7]	陈彦松, 阮达, 刘渊博, 郑通, 张帅帅, 马学虎. 微通道换热器拓扑结构优化与性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(3): 823-835.
[8]	李文俊, 赵中阳, 倪震, 周灿, 郑成航, 高翔. 基于气-液传质强化的湿法烟气脱硫CFD模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(2): 505-519.
[9]	郭磊磊, 吴震, 杨福胜, 张早校. 基于流通式金属氢化物反应器的氢高效分离提纯实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(12): 4576-4586.
[10]	弓志超, 李双喜, 李方俊, 黄泽盛, 肖可应. 开启式艉轴唇形密封结构参数多目标优化及性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(12): 4689-4701.
[11]	郑群, 陈培强, 王长富, 熊春华, 徐万里, 阮曼. 海水激活电池电解液流动特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(12): 4770-4779.
[12]	从文杰, 黄嘉雯, 范小强, 杨遥, 王靖岱, 阳永荣. 高压法LDPE管式反应器的结构优化方法[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(10): 3557-3567.
[13]	余洋, 罗祎青, 魏荣辉, 张文慧, 袁希钢. 考虑节点中断风险的弹性供应链设计方法[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 338-353.
[14]	陈哲文, 魏俊杰, 张玉明. 超临界水煤气化耦合SOFC发电系统集成及其能量转化机制[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3888-3902.
[15]	齐聪, 丁子, 余杰, 汤茂清, 梁林. 基于选择吸收纳米薄膜的太阳能温差发电特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3921-3930.