海水激活电池电解液流动特性分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240343

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对海水激活电池极板间电解液分布不均及电解液流量适配问题，提出一种新型仿生鹿角型流道结构，利用正交设计及计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics， CFD）方法，研究多因素交互作用下海水激活电池内部电解液的流动特性，并对电解液流道优化进行研究。结果表明：对电解液流动特性影响最大的是流道数目，其次是电解液流量和流道偏转角；流道数目、电解液流量和流道偏转角的最佳匹配值分别是12个、200 ml/min和20°；对流道结构进行优化后，明显提升了极板间电解液的分布均匀性，调峰效率达到36.2%。研究结果能够为海水激活电池流道结构优化设计提供参考价值。

关键词: 海水激活电池, 流道, 正交实验, 数值模拟, 优化设计, 计算流体力学, 多相流

Abstract:

To address the challenges of uneven electrolyte distribution among the plates of seawater activated battery and electrolyte flow adaptation, a new bio-inspired antler-like channel structure was proposed. Through orthogonal design and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the flow characteristics and optimization of electrolyte flow path in seawater activated battery were studied under the interaction of multiple factors. The results show that the most impact on the characteristics of electrolyte liquid is the number of flow channels, followed by electrolytic liquid flow and flow channels. The best matching values are the number of channels, the flow rate of electrolyte and the deflection angle of flow channels are 12, 200 ml/min and 20°, respectively. After the optimization of the flow channel structure, the uniformity of electrolyte distribution between plates is obviously improved, and the peak regulation efficiency reaches 36.2%. The research results can provide reference value for the optimization design of seawater activated battery flow channel structure.

Key words: seawater activated battery, flow channel, orthogonal test, numerical simulation, optimal design, CFD, multiphase flow

中图分类号:

TM 911.16

郑群, 陈培强, 王长富, 熊春华, 徐万里, 阮曼. 海水激活电池电解液流动特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(12): 4770-4779.

Qun ZHENG, Peiqiang CHEN, Changfu WANG, Chunhua XIONG, Wanli XU, Man RUAN. Electrolyte flow characteristics of seawater activated battery[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(12): 4770-4779.

图/表 17

图1 海水激活电池示意图[23]

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of a seawater activated battery[23]

图2 计算域及边界条件示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of computation domain and boundary conditions

表1 电解液物性参数

Table 1 Physical parameters of electrolyte

参数	数值
密度/(kg/m³)	1250
比热容/(J/(kg·K))	4182
动力黏性系数/(kg/(m·s))	0.0025

图3 网格及独立性验证

Fig.3 Computation mesh and independence test

图4 电解液流场可视化测试系统图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of electrolyte flow field visualization test system

表2 数值计算及实验结果对比

Table 2 Comparison between numerical and experimental results

参数	实验结果	模拟结果	相对误差
Δp/kPa	6.015	5.606	6.80%
t/s	2.25	2.2	2.22%

图5 正交表数据点的空间分布

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of data points in orthogonal table

表3 正交设计及数值结果

Table 3 Orthogonal design and numerical results

序号	A	B/(°)	C/(ml/min)	V_R
1	6	20	100	2.508
2	6	30	250	2.923
3	6	40	150	2.674
4	6	50	300	3.037
5	6	60	200	2.789
6	8	20	200	1.836
7	8	30	100	2.008
8	8	40	250	2.318
9	8	50	150	2.108
10	8	60	300	2.359
11	10	20	300	1.895
12	10	30	200	1.778
13	10	40	100	1.605
14	10	50	250	1.839
15	10	60	150	1.705
16	12	20	150	1.433
17	12	30	300	1.624
18	12	40	200	1.513
19	12	50	100	1.373
20	12	60	250	1.526
21	14	20	250	1.363
22	14	30	150	1.227
23	14	40	300	1.397
24	14	50	200	1.309
25	14	60	100	1.194
平均值1	2.7862	1.807	1.7376	—
平均值2	2.1258	1.912	1.8294	—
平均值3	1.7644	1.9014	1.845	—
平均值4	1.4938	1.9332	1.9938	—
平均值5	1.298	1.9146	2.0624	—
R	1.4882	0.1262	0.3248	—

图6 电解液流速失衡比随流道数的变化情况

Fig.6 Variation of velocity unbalance ratio with channel number

图7 不同模型XY平面的速度云图及等值线图

Fig.7 Velocity contours and streamlines in XY section for different model

图8 不同流道数下气液相随时间的变化情况

Fig.8 Gas-liquid phase change with time in different channel number

图9 速度比随电解液流量的变化情况

Fig.9 Variation of velocity ratio with electrolyte flow

图10 不同电解液流量下气液相随时间的变化情况

Fig.10 Gas-liquid phase change with time in different flow rate

图11 速度比随流道偏转角的变化情况

Fig.11 Variation of velocity ratio with channel deflection angle

图12 不同模型下XY平面的速度云图及等值线图

Fig.12 The velocity contours and streamlines in XY section for different model

图13 不同流道偏转角下气液相随时间的变化情况

Fig.13 The gas-liquid phase change with time in different defection angle

图14 特征线上速度分布情况

Fig.14 Velocity distribution on characteristic line

参考文献 31

1	Li Q F, Bjerrum N J. Aluminum as anode for energy storage and conversion: a review[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 110(1): 1-10.
2	Moghanni-Bavil-Olyaei H, Arjomandi J. Performance of Al-1Mg-1Zn-0.1Bi-0.02In as anode for the Al-AgO battery[J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 111(5): 91273-91279.
3	Gonzalez-Guerrero M J, Gomez F A. Miniaturized Al/AgO coin shape and self-powered battery featuring painted paper electrodes for portable applications[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018, 273(10): 101-107.
4	刘勇, 石治国, 王传东. 水下无人平台用电源的发展现状[J]. 电源技术, 2016, 40(9): 1903-1904.
	Liu Y, Shi Z G, Wang C D. Development of power for unmanned underwater vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 40(9): 1903-1904.
5	Huang G S, Zhao Y C, Wang Y X, et al. Performance of Mg–air battery based on AZ31 alloy sheet with twins[J]. Materials Letters, 2013, 113: 46-49.
6	Zhang P J, Liu X, Xue J L, et al. The role of microstructural evolution in improving energy conversion of Al-based anodes for metal-air batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 451: 227806.
7	Xie Q Y, Ma A B, Jiang J H, et al. Discharge properties of ECAP processed AZ31－Ca alloys as anodes for seawater-activated battery[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 11: 1031-1044.
8	Xiong H Q, Yu K, Yin X, et al. Effects of microstructure on the electrochemical discharge behavior of Mg-6wt%Al-1wt%Sn alloy as anode for Mg-air primary battery[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 708: 652-661.
9	Wu Z B, Zhang H T, Zou J, et al. Enhancement of the discharge performance of Al-0.5Mg-0.1Sn-0.05Ga (wt.%) anode for Al-air battery by directional solidification technique and subsequent rolling process[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 827: 154272.
10	Ghasabehi M, Shams M, Kanani H. Multi-objective optimization of operating conditions of an enhanced parallel flow field proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021, 230: 113798.
11	Yue M, Yan J W, Zhang H M, et al. The crucial role of parallel and interdigitated flow channels in a trapezoid flow battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 512: 230497.
12	Gundlapalli R, Jayanti S. Performance characteristics of several variants of interdigitated flow fields for flow battery applications[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 467: 228225.
13	Zhou T H, Liu Z Y, Yuan S W, et al. Machine-learning assisted analysis on coupled fluid-dynamics and electrochemical processes in interdigitated channel for iron-chromium flow batteries[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 496: 153904.
14	Ghanbarian A, Kermani M J, Scholta J, et al. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell flow field design criteria—application to parallel serpentine flow patterns[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018, 166: 281-296.
15	Sharma H, Kumar M. Enhancing power density of a vanadium redox flow battery using modified serpentine channels[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 494: 229753.
16	Chadha K, Martemianov S, Thomas A. Study of new flow field geometries to enhance water redistribution and pressure head losses reduction within PEM fuel cell[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(10): 7489-7501.
17	Chai Y W, Qu D W, Fan L Y, et al. A double-spiral flow channel of vanadium redox flow batteries for enhancing mass transfer and reducing pressure drop[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 78: 110278.
18	Chen T, Xiao Y, Chen T Z. The impact on PEMFC of bionic flow field with a different branch[J]. Energy Procedia, 2012, 28: 134-139.
19	Xiong X, Wang Z H, Fan Y W, et al. Numerical analysis of cylindrical lithium-ion battery thermal management system based on bionic flow channel structure[J]. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42: 101879.
20	Zheng Q, Xing F, Li X F, et al. Flow field design and optimization based on the mass transport polarization regulation in a flow-through type vanadium flow battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 324: 402-411.
21	Ke X Y, Alexander J I D, Prahl J M, et al. Flow distribution and maximum current density studies in redox flow batteries with a single passage of the serpentine flow channel[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 270: 646-657.
22	Ke X Y, Prahl J M, Alexander J I D, et al. Redox flow batteries with serpentine flow fields: distributions of electrolyte flow reactant penetration into the porous carbon electrodes and effects on performance[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 384: 295-302.
23	Sun J, Zheng M L, Yang Z S, et al. Flow field design pathways from lab-scale toward large-scale flow batteries[J]. Energy, 2019, 173: 637-646.
24	王升贵, 袁思鸣, 王海清, 等. 一次电池快速激活带载应用研究[J]. 电源技术, 2021, 45(7): 925-927.
	Wang S G, Yuan S M, Wang H Q, et al. Application research of primary battery rapid activation load operation[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 45(7): 925-927.
25	Hirt C W, Nichols B D. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 1981, 39(1): 201-225.
26	Brackbill J U, Kothe D B, Zemach C. A continuum method for modeling surface tension[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 1992, 100(2): 335-354.
27	Zhao W K, Wang L J, Zhang Y N, et al. Snow melting on a road unit as affected by thermal fluids in different embedded pipes[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2021, 46: 101221.
28	Zhao W K, Zhang Y N, Cao X Y, et al. Applied thermal process for a hydronic snow-melting system in the coldest provincial capital of China[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 218: 119421.
29	Chen P Q, Zheng Q. Investigation on flow field optimization of seawater activated battery based on flow channel structure design[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 84: 110798.
30	吕颂, 吴法勇, 王洪斌, 等. 涡轮叶片冷却效果影响因素交互效应分析与试验研究[J]. 推进技术, 2022, 43(5): 278-289.
	Lyu S, Wu F Y, Wang H B, et al. Analysis and experimental research on interaction effect of influencing factors of turbine blade cooling effectiveness[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2022, 43(5): 278-289.
31	涂敏, 汤广发, 任承钦, 等. 溶液除湿系统中除湿塔的参数分析[J]. 化工学报, 2010, 61(10): 2546-2551.
	Tu M, Tang G F, Ren C Q, et al. Analysis on parameters of dehumidification tower in liquid desiccant dehumidification systems[J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 61(10): 2546-2551.

[1]	陈森洋, 靳蒲航, 谭志明, 谢公南. 质子交换膜燃料电池中蛇形流道液滴运动数值仿真研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 183-194.
[2]	董新宇, 边龙飞, 杨怡怡, 张宇轩, 刘璐, 王腾. 冷却条件下倾斜上升管S-CO₂流动与传热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 195-205.
[3]	郭骐瑞, 任丽媛, 陈康, 黄翔宇, 马卫华, 肖乐勤, 周伟良. 用于HTPB推进剂浆料的静态混合管数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 206-216.
[4]	李匡奚, 于佩潜, 王江云, 魏浩然, 郑志刚, 冯留海. 微气泡旋流气浮装置内流动分析与结构优化[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 223-234.
[5]	汪张洲, 唐天琪, 夏嘉俊, 何玉荣. 基于复合相变材料的电池热管理性能模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 329-338.
[6]	胡俭, 姜静华, 范生军, 刘建浩, 邹海江, 蔡皖龙, 王沣浩. 中深层U型地埋管换热器取热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 76-84.
[7]	任冠宇, 张义飞, 李新泽, 杜文静. 翼型印刷电路板式换热器流动传热特性数值研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 108-117.
[8]	李焱, 郑利军, 张恩勇, 王云飞. 深水海底管道软管内部流体渗透特性模型与试验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 118-125.
[9]	杨勇, 祖子轩, 李煜坤, 王东亮, 范宗良, 周怀荣. T型圆柱形微通道内CO₂碱液吸收数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 135-142.
[10]	黄俊豪, 庞克亮, 孙方远, 刘福军, 谷致远, 韩龙, 段衍泉, 冯妍卉. 干熄炉料钟结构对焦炭布料粒径均匀度影响的模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 158-169.
[11]	李舒月, 王欢, 周少强, 毛志宏, 张永民, 王军武, 吴秀花. 基于CPFD方法的U₃O₈氢还原流化床反应器数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(9): 3133-3151.
[12]	祝赫, 张仪, 齐娜娜, 张锴. 欧拉-欧拉双流体模型中颗粒黏性对液固散式流态化的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(9): 3103-3112.
[13]	陈巨辉, 苏潼, 李丹, 陈立伟, 吕文生, 孟凡奇. 翅形扰流片作用下的微通道换热特性[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(9): 3122-3132.
[14]	左磊, 王军锋, 高健, 王道睿. 电场调控生物柴油液滴燃烧行为[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(8): 2983-2990.
[15]	豆少军, 郝亮. PEMFC催化层耦合气体电荷传输过程的介观模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(8): 3002-3010.