原油储罐重质沉积物超声波空化微射流清洗实验及数值模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240943

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (3): 1288-1296.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240943

原油储罐重质沉积物超声波空化微射流清洗实验及数值模拟

贾文龙¹(), 肖欢¹, 冷翔宇², 黄巧竞¹, 刘程玮³, 吴瑕¹

^1.西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院，四川成都 610500
^2.中国石油西南油气田分公司安全环保与技术监督研究院，四川成都 610041
^3.中国石油西南油气田分公司华油公司，四川成都 610051

收稿日期:2024-08-21 修回日期:2024-11-05 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-28
通讯作者: 贾文龙
作者简介:贾文龙（1986—），男，博士，教授，jiawenlong08@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52274065)

Experimental and numerical simulation of ultrasonic cavitation microjet cleaning of heavy deposition in crude oil storage tank

Wenlong JIA¹(), Huan XIAO¹, Xiangyu LENG², Qiaojing HUANG¹, Chengwei LIU³, Xia WU¹

^1.College of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
^2.Institute of Safety, Environmental Protection and Technical Supervision，Petro China Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
^3.Sichuan Huayou Group Corporation Limited，PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610051, Sichuan, China

Received:2024-08-21 Revised:2024-11-05 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-28
Contact: Wenlong JIA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对原油重质沉积物超声波空化微射流清洗作用机理不明确、微射流对沉积物的冲击作用缺乏定量表征等问题，建立了超声波空化微射流冲击清洗重质沉积物的仿真模型，通过数值仿真和实验研究了超声波空化微射流对沉积物的清洗机理及规律。结果表明：超声波空化微射流存在高度随机性，导致沉积物表面形成大量不均匀凹坑，凹坑直径近似呈GEVⅡ分布；沉积物内部及壁面黏结处出现扩展性裂纹，促使沉积物剥离；沉积物表面凹坑直径和深度与超声波声压呈线性增大规律，超声波对凹坑深度的影响大于直径的影响。超声波功率从100 W增大到300 W，声压从100 kPa增加至200 kPa，超声波作用60 s，实验得到凹坑平均直径从6.10 μm增大至7.38 μm，平均深度从1.18 μm增加至3.46 μm；数值仿真计算凹坑直径从9.60 μm增大至9.80 μm，平均深度从1.42 μm增加至3.89 μm。

关键词: 石油, 沉积物, 超声波, 空化, 微射流, 清洗, 数值模拟

Abstract:

The mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation microjet cleaning for heavy crude oil deposition is unclear. The clean effects of microjet flow on depositions lack quantitative characterization. A simulation model is developed for cleaning heavy depositions using ultrasonic cavitation microjet impact. The cleaning mechanism and rules of ultrasonic cavitation microjets on depositions are investigated through numerical simulations and experiments. The results indicate that the effects of the microjet caused the formation of circular pits on the surface of the depositions. Expansive cracks appear inside the sediment and at the wall adhesion, which promotes the separation of the sediment. After ultrasonic cavitation experiments, non-uniform cavitation pits appeared on the surface of the depositions, with pit diameters following a GEVⅡ distribution. The diameter and depth of pits on the surface of depositions exhibit linear increases with ultrasonic pressure. The effect of ultrasonic pressure on the depth of pits is significantly greater than its impact on the diameter. The ultrasonic power has been increased from 100 W to 300 W, resulting in an elevation of the ultrasonic pressure from 100 kPa to 200 kPa. The experimental findings demonstrate a rise in the average cavitation pit diameter from 6.10 μm to 7.38 μm, and an increase in the average depth from 1.18 μm to 3.46 μm when subjected to duration of 60 s under the ultrasonic cation. Similarly, the diameter of the pit is increased from 9.60 μm to 9.80 μm, the average depth is increased from 1.42 μm to 3.89 μm in the numerical simulation.

Key words: petroleum, deposition, ultrasonic, cavitation, microjet, cleaning, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TE 821

贾文龙, 肖欢, 冷翔宇, 黄巧竞, 刘程玮, 吴瑕. 原油储罐重质沉积物超声波空化微射流清洗实验及数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 1288-1296.

Wenlong JIA, Huan XIAO, Xiangyu LENG, Qiaojing HUANG, Chengwei LIU, Xia WU. Experimental and numerical simulation of ultrasonic cavitation microjet cleaning of heavy deposition in crude oil storage tank[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(3): 1288-1296.

图/表 13

图1 超声波空化微射流清洗重质沉积物实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental device for ultrasonic cavitation microjet cleaning of heavy depositions

表1 原油及沉积物油相组分

Table 1 Crude oil and deposition oil phase fractions

介质	饱和烃/%	芳香烃/%	胶质/%	沥青质/%
原油	30.23	24.18	26.14	19.45
沉积物油相	27.29	21.67	19.43	31.61

图2 原油储罐中超声波空化微射流清洗沉积物的模型示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of physical model of ultrasonic cavitation microjets clean depositions in crude oil storage tanks

表2 原油沉积物物性及模型参数

Table 2 Crude oil deposition physical properties and model parameters

介质	声速/(m/s)	直径/μm	厚度/μm	50℃黏度/(mPa·s)	密度/(kg/m³)	泊松比	剪切模量/MPa	屈服强度/MPa
原油	1300.0	140.0	70.0	260	840.0	—	—	—
重质沉积物	2300.0	140.0	10.0	—	2000.0	0.35	413.6	1.6

图3 不同声压超声波对原油沉积物清洗效果

Fig.3 Cleaning effect of crude oil depositions with different ultrasonic pressures

图4 不同超声波声压对原油沉积物造成的凹坑直径统计分布

Fig.4 Statistical distribution of pit diameters caused by different ultrasonic pressures on crude oil depositions

图5 沉积物随微射流冲击时间增加的结构变化

Fig.5 Structural variation in deposition with increasing microjet impact time

图6 沉积物随微射流冲击次数增加的结构变化

Fig.6 Structural variation of depositions with the increasing number of microjet impacts

图7 不同超声波声压作用下产生的空化微射流速度与冲击应力

Fig.7 Cavitation microjet velocity and impact stress with different ultrasonic pressure

图8 不同超声波声压条件下重质沉积物受微射流冲击产生的损伤变化

Fig.8 Damage status produced by microjet impact on depositions with different ultrasonic pressure

图9 不同超声波声压条件下重质沉积物损伤变形情况

Fig.9 Effective plastic strain of heavy depositions under different ultrasonic pressure

图10 超声波声压对沉积物表面凹坑直径和深度的影响

Fig.10 Effect of ultrasonic pressure on the diameter and depth of pits on the deposition surface

图11 实验和数值计算不同超声波声压在沉积物表面产生的凹坑尺寸

Fig.11 Experimental and numerical calculation results of cavitation pits sizes on the surface of depositions produced by different ultrasonic pressures

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原油储罐重质沉积物超声波空化微射流清洗实验及数值模拟

Experimental and numerical simulation of ultrasonic cavitation microjet cleaning of heavy deposition in crude oil storage tank

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