轴向双级氨/甲烷湍流预混火焰燃烧特性及NO生成

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240711

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氨气燃烧面临着氮氧化物排放高、燃烧稳定性差等问题，而分级燃烧概念是解决上述问题的途径之一，但其中复杂的燃烧特性尚不明确。为此，对一个自主设计的轴向空气分级氨气-甲烷湍流燃烧装置开展了详细的实验测量和大涡模拟研究。以氨/甲烷的混合物为燃料，首级当量比保持为1.2，总当量比在0.4~0.9变化，通过实验测量获得一氧化氮（NO）随总当量比的变化特性，采用大涡模拟结合动态火焰增厚模型对3个燃烧状态进行计算分析，计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。研究表明：随着总当量比的减小，NO排放呈增加的趋势；燃烧室内存在两种燃烧模式，上游是金黄色的含氨燃气富燃预混火焰，下游则是淡蓝色的氢气-空气扩散火焰为主；一级燃烧室中，NO排放主要受OH影响，而二级燃烧室中NO生成受OH影响变小。

关键词: 双级氨气燃烧, 湍流预混燃烧, 一氧化氮排放, 数值模拟, 燃烧实验测量

Abstract:

The combustion of ammonia faces problems such as high nitrogen oxide emissions and poor combustion stability, and the concept of staged combustion is one of the ways to solve these problems. However, the complex combustion characteristics are still unclear. Experimental measurements and large eddy simulations were conducted on an in house designed axially air-staged turbulent combustion device. The fuel gas is mixture of NH₃and CH₄ fuel, and the equivalence ratio of the primary stage maintained at 1.2, with the overall equivalence ratio between 0.4 and 0.9. The variation characteristics of nitric oxide (NO) with the total equivalence ratio were obtained through experimental measurements. Large eddy simulation combined with dynamic flame thickening model was used to perform detailed calculation and analysis of three combustion cases, and the calculated results were in good agreement with experimental data. The study revealed that NO emissions increased as the overall equivalence ratio decreased. Two combustion modes were observed within the combustion chamber: a rich-premixed golden flame of ammonia-containing gas at upstream, and a hydrogen-air diffusion blue flame at downstream. In the first-stage combustion chamber, NO emissions are mainly affected by OH, while NO generation in the second-stage combustion chamber is less affected by OH.

Key words: two-stage ammonia combustion, premixed turbulent flame, nitric oxide emission, numerical simulation, combustion experimental measurement

中图分类号:

TK 16

张泽雨, 王平, 戴凯论, 钱伟佳, Roy Subhajit, 帅瑞洋, Ferrante Antonio. 轴向双级氨/甲烷湍流预混火焰燃烧特性及NO生成[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(2): 835-845.

Zeyu ZHANG, Ping WANG, Kailun DAI, Weijia QIAN, Subhajit Roy, Ruiyang SHUAI, Antonio Ferrante. Combustion characteristics and NO production of axially staged premixed NH₃/CH₄ turbulent swirling flames[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(2): 835-845.

图/表 12

图1 实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of the experimental set-up

图2 燃烧器几何示意图

Fig.2 Geometric sketch of the burner

图3 径向旋流器及二级空气入口示意图

Fig.3 Schematic of radial swirler and secondary air inlet

表1 实验相关状态参数

Table 1 The state parameters studied in the experiment

ϕ_primary	ϕ_total	NH₃质量流量/ (g/s)	CH₄质量流量/ (g/s)	一级空气质量流量/ (g/s)	一级入口流速/ (m/s)	二级空气质量流量/(g/s)	二级入口流速/(m/s)
1.2	0.4	0.124	0.077	1.724	18.40	3.448	25.737
	0.5					2.414	18.016
	0.6					1.724	12.868
	0.7					1.231	9.192
	0.8					0.862	6.434
	0.9					0.575	4.289

图4 分块结构化网格示意图

Fig.4 Schematic of structured grid

图5 首级当量比为1.2时不同总当量比下的火焰图像

Fig.5 Flame images for different total equivalence ratio at ϕprimary =1.2

图6 实验测得NO排放与LES结果对比

Fig.6 Comparison of experimentally measured NO emissions with LES results

图7 不同总当量比下火焰面及回流区（黑色实线代表回流区轮廓）

Fig.7 Flamelets and recirculation zones at different total equivalence ratios (the solid black line represents the shape of the recirculation zone)

图8 不同总当量比下平均H2及NO分布

Fig.8 Average H2 and NO distribution at different total equivalence ratios

图9 不同总当量比下平均OH分布及瞬时HRR分布

Fig.9 Average OH distribution and instantaneous HRR distribution at different total equivalence ratios

图10 不同轴向位置处的轴向速度、温度、OH、NO和H2质量分数沿径向的平均值分布

Fig.10 Radial distribution of averaged axial velocity, temperature, mass fraction of OH, NO and H2 at different axial positions

图11 不同总当量比下混合物分数与温度的散点图

Fig.11 Scatter plot of mixture fraction and temperature at different total equivalence ratios

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