旋流作用下水基炭黑纳米流体光热转换性能模拟研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240877

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转子旋流是动态强化纳米流体集热的有效方式之一。通过数值模拟分析了在密闭太阳能集热管中，两叶片转子的旋流作用及在旋流作用下辐照强度、纳米流体浓度对水基炭黑纳米流体集热性能的影响。结果表明：旋流作用可明显提高纳米流体集热性能，仅在单个转子作用下温升能提高33.81%；在转子数量研究范围内（0、1、2、4），纳米流体随转子数量的增多扰动翻转程度增大，集热性能、温度均匀性均有明显提升；旋流作用下，在辐照强度研究的范围内（500~1500 W·m^-2），水基炭黑纳米流体温升量与辐照强度呈线性正相关，辐照强度每增加100 W·m^-2，集热管内温升可提高2.7℃；在纳米流体浓度研究的范围内[0~0.010%（质量分数）]，纳米流体单位体积吸收的辐射量随浓度增加而增加，浓度变化不会影响集热管内温度分布的均匀性。本研究模拟了纳米流体在两叶片转子作用下的光热转换性能，为太阳能动态集热提供了新的方向。

关键词: 两叶片转子, 旋流, 纳米流体, 光热转换

Abstract:

Rotor swirling flow is one of the effective ways to dynamically enhance nanofluid heat collection. This study analyzed the action of swirling flow of two blade rotors in a closed solar collector tube through numerical simulation, and the effects of irradiation intensity and nanofluid concentration on the heat collection performance of water-based carbon black nanofluid under the action of swirling flow. The results show that the swirl effect can significantly improve the heat collection performance of nanofluids, and the temperature rise can be increased by 33.81% under the action of a single rotor alone. Within the range of rotor number research (0, 1, 2, 4), the disturbance flipping degree of the nanofluid increases with the increase of rotor number, and the heat collection performance and temperature uniformity are significantly improved. Under the action of swirling flow, within the range of irradiation intensity research (500—1500 W·m^-2), the temperature rise of water-based carbon black nanofluid is linearly positively correlated with irradiation intensity. For every 100 W·m^-2 increase in irradiation intensity, the temperature rise inside the collector tube can be increased by 2.7℃. Within the range of nanofluid concentration research [0%—0.010% (mass)], the amount of radiation absorbed per unit volume of nanofluid increases with increasing concentration, and the change in concentration will not affect the uniformity of the temperature distribution in the heat collector. This study simulated the photothermal conversion performance of nanofluids under the action of two blade rotors, providing a new direction for dynamic solar energy collection.

Key words: two blade rotor, swirling flow, nanofluid, photothermal conversion

中图分类号:

TK 512

徐逢时, 程礼盛, 左夏华, 于晓宇, 阎华, 杨卫民, 安瑛. 旋流作用下水基炭黑纳米流体光热转换性能模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(4): 1523-1533.

Fengshi XU, Lisheng CHENG, Xiahua ZUO, Xiaoyu YU, Hua YAN, Weimin YANG, Ying AN. Simulation study on the photothermal conversion performance of water-based carbon black nanofluid under swirling flow[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(4): 1523-1533.

图/表 19

图1 管式旋流强化集热器模型

Fig.1 Model of a tubular swirl enhanced collector

图2 旋流强化集热器的几何模型

Fig.2 Geometric model of swirl enhanced collector

表1 转子的结构参数

Table 1 Structural parameters of the rotor

转子类型	叶片数量m/个	外径D/mm	长度l/mm	螺距p/mm
螺旋两叶片转子	2	22	27.5	200

图3 局部网格划分图

Fig.3 Local grid division diagram

图4 网格独立性检验

Fig.4 Grid independence test

图5 不同质量分数水基炭黑纳米流体在190~1100 nm波长范围内的吸收系数

Fig.5 Absorption coefficients of different concentrations of water-based carbon black nanofluids in the wavelength range of 190—1100 nm

表2 水基炭黑纳米流体的热物理性能参数

Table 2 Thermophysical property parameters of water-based carbon black nanofluids

质量分数ω/%	密度ρ/ (kg∙m^-3)	黏度μ/ (kg∙m^-1∙s^-1)	热导率K/ (W∙m^-1∙K^-1)	比热容c/ (J∙g^-1∙K^-1)
0.001	993.40	0.87	0.613	4.212
0.003	993.41	0.92	0.614	4.210
0.005	993.41	0.96	0.616	4.207
0.008	993.42	1.00	0.617	4.204
0.010	993.42	1.03	0.621	4.202

图6 模拟与实验结果对比

Fig.6 Comparison of simulation and experimental results

图7 两叶片转子在不同转子数量下的模拟温升

Fig.7 Simulated temperature rise of two blade rotors under different numbers of rotors

图8 不同转子数量时X-Z横截面温度云图

Fig.8 Temperature cloud map of X-Z cross-sectional with different numbers of rotors

图9 两叶片转子径向截面的速度矢量图

Fig.9 Velocity vector diagram of radial section of two blade rotor

图10 不同转子数量时X-Z横截面的速度矢量云图

Fig.10 Velocity vector cloud map of X-Z cross-sectional with different numbers of rotors

图11 不同辐照强度下的模拟温升

Fig.11 Simulated temperature rise under different irradiation intensities

图12 不同辐照强度下的最终温升

Fig.12 Final temperature rise under different irradiation intensities

图13 t=5400 s时X-Z横截面的温度云图

Fig.13 Temperature cloud map of X-Z cross-sectional at t=5400 s

图14 两叶片转子在不同纳米流体浓度下的模拟温升

Fig.14 Simulated temperature rise of two bladed rotors under different nanofluid concentrations

图15 不同纳米流体浓度下径向截面单位体积吸收辐射云图

Fig.15 Cloud map of radial section unit volume absorbed radiation at different nanofluid concentrations

图16 不同纳米流体浓度时总吸收能量

Fig.16 Total absorbed energy at different nanofluid concentrations

图17 t=5400 s时X-Z横截面温度云图

Fig.17 Temperature cloud map of X-Z cross-sectional at t=5400 s

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