活化桃胶碳基复合相变材料性能表征及导热增强研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250503

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (12): 6614-6625.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250503

活化桃胶碳基复合相变材料性能表征及导热增强研究

尹胜强¹(), 钟湘宇¹, 龚漫雨¹, 李露¹, 刘远征², 周寿斌³, 肖俊兵¹^,³(), 刘昌会²(), 贾传坤¹

^1.长沙理工大学能源与动力工程学院，湖南长沙 410114
^2.中国矿业大学低碳能源与动力工程学院，江苏徐州 221116
^3.江苏华富储能新技术股份有限公司，江苏高邮 225600

收稿日期:2025-05-08 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-01-23
通讯作者: 肖俊兵,刘昌会
作者简介:尹胜强（2004—），男，本科生，yin_sq310@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52206192);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(22B0289);江苏省科技副总项目(FZ20231110);江苏省科技项目(BE2022041)

Characterization of properties and thermal conductivity enhancement of activated carbonized peach gum-based composite phase change materials

Shengqiang YIN¹(), Xiangyu ZHONG¹, Manyu GONG¹, Lu LI¹, Yuanzheng LIU², Shoubin ZHOU³, Junbing XIAO¹^,³(), Changhui LIU²(), Chuankun JIA¹

^1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
^2.School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
^3.Jiangsu Huafu Energy Storage New Technology Company Limited by Shares, Gaoyou 225600, Jiangsu, China

Received:2025-05-08 Revised:2025-06-23 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2026-01-23
Contact: Junbing XIAO, Changhui LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善相变材料的导热性能，以桃胶为碳源、氢氧化钾（KOH）为活化剂，采用一步化学活化法制备了活化桃胶碳。在棕榈酸（PA）-硬脂酸（SA）二元混合物中分别加入KOH活化桃胶碳（CPGK）和未经活化的桃胶碳（CPG），研究了活化处理对提高二元混合物热性能的影响机制。结果表明，添加剂与相变材料之间仅为物理结合。当添加剂质量分数为5%时，CPGK对复合相变材料导热性能的提升更为明显，PA-SA/CPGK热导率为0.3528 W·m^-1·K^-1，分别较PA-SA/CPG及PA-SA提高0.92%、22.46%，这是由于CPGK的孔隙结构能提供更多热传导路径。相比于PA-SA混合物，PA-SA/CPGK的熔化时间最大缩短了53.64%，凝固时间最大缩短了11.39%。PA-SA/CPGK较PA-SA/CPG具有更好的热稳定性及形状稳定性，相同测试条件下，PA-SA/CPGK的质量损失比PA-SA/CPG减小2.37%，PA-SA/CPGK的完全泄漏时间较PA-SA/CPG延长5.26%。所制备的复合相变材料具有良好的热性能，在太阳能热利用和热能储存等领域具有广阔应用前景。

关键词: 活化, 复合相变材料, 热物性, 热传导, 热导率, 焓

Abstract:

In order to improve the thermal conductivity of phase change materials, activated carbonized peach gum was prepared by a one-step chemical activation method using peach gum as the carbon source and potassium hydroxide as the activator. KOH-activated peach gum carbon (CPGK) and unactivated peach gum carbon (CPG) were added to a palmitic acid (PA)-stearic acid (SA) binary mixture, respectively. The mechanism of the activation treatment on improving the thermal properties of the binary mixture was investigated. The results show that there is only a physical bond between the additive and the PCMs. When the mass fraction of additives is 5%, the thermal conductivity of CPGK on the composite phase change material is more obvious, and the thermal conductivity of PA-SA/CPGK is 0.3528 W·m^-1·K^-1was 0.92% and 22.46% higher than that of PA-SA/CPG and PA-SA, respectively, because the pore structure of CPGK could provide more heat conduction paths. Compared with the PA-SA mixture, the melting time of PA-SA/CPGK was shortened by 53.64% and the solidification time was shortened by 11.39%. PA-SA/CPGK has a better thermal and shape stability, the mass loss of PA-SA/CPGK was reduced by 2.37% compared with that of PA-SA/CPG under the same test conditions, and the complete leakage time of PA-SA/CPGK was extended by 5.26% compared with that of PA-SA/CPG. The prepared composite phase change materials have good thermal properties and have broad application prospects in the fields of solar thermal utilization and thermal energy storage.

Key words: activation, composit phase, change material, thermal properties, heat conduction, thermal conductivity, enthalpy

中图分类号:

TK 02

尹胜强, 钟湘宇, 龚漫雨, 李露, 刘远征, 周寿斌, 肖俊兵, 刘昌会, 贾传坤. 活化桃胶碳基复合相变材料性能表征及导热增强研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(12): 6614-6625.

Shengqiang YIN, Xiangyu ZHONG, Manyu GONG, Lu LI, Yuanzheng LIU, Shoubin ZHOU, Junbing XIAO, Changhui LIU, Chuankun JIA. Characterization of properties and thermal conductivity enhancement of activated carbonized peach gum-based composite phase change materials[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(12): 6614-6625.

图/表 10

表1 部分材料的主要物性参数

Table 1 The main physical properties of used materials

材料	密度/(g⋅cm^-3)	纯度/%	熔化温度/℃
棕榈酸	0.85	98.00	62.50
硬脂酸	0.84	98.37	71.70
氢氧化钾	2.04	AR	—

图1 复合相变材料制备流程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of the synthesis of composite phase change materials

图2 复合相变材料的微观形貌与化学性质

Fig.2 Micromorphology and chemical properties of composite phase change materials

图3 复合相变材料的DSC曲线及熔化焓的比较

Fig.3 DSC curves of composite phase change materials and comparison of latent heat of melting

表2 复合相变材料的相变潜热及相变温度

Table 2 The latent heat of phase change and phase change temperature of composites

CPG质量分数	熔化过程		凝固过程		CPGK质量分数	熔化过程		凝固过程
CPG质量分数	ΔT_m/℃	h_m/(J·g^-1)	ΔT_c/℃	h_c/(J·g^-1)	CPGK质量分数	ΔT_m/℃	h_m/(J·g^-1)	ΔT_c/℃	h_c/(J·g^-1)
0	[56.10,60.68]	186.4	[45.13,52.29]	186.1	0	[56.10,60.68]	186.4	[45.13,52.29]	186.1
0.01	[56.60,62.34]	183.1	[43.53,51.73]	181.6	0.01	[55.30,62.63]	180.8	[43.07,52.04]	175.4
0.02	[55.68,60.56]	171.6	[44.74,52.02]	169.8	0.02	[55.52,60.88]	175.4	[44.17,51.56]	172.7
0.03	[56.31,62.25]	170.0	[43.45,52.33]	168.8	0.03	[54.78,61.76]	170.3	[43.24,51.90]	169.9
0.04	[55.65,62.97]	169.0	[43.67,53.23]	168.2	0.04	[55.38,62.21]	169.4	[43.31,52.27]	169.1
0.05	[55.83,59.04]	166.0	[46.51,53.24]	164.2	0.05	[55.02,62.76]	165.5	[42.67,51.23]	165.2

图4 复合相变材料的热导率及比较

Fig.4 Thermal conductivity and comparison of composite phase change materials

图5 复合相变材料的TGA与DTG曲线

Fig.5 TGA and DTG curves of composite phase change materials

图6 复合相变材料加热/冷却过程图

Fig.6 Images of the heating/cooling process of composite phase change materials

图7 复合相变材料的泄漏图像

Fig.7 Leakage traces of composite phase change materials

图8 复合相变材料的光热转换实验装置示意图和光热转换曲线

Fig.8 Experimental setup of photothermal conversion and photothermal conversion curves of composite phase change materials

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活化桃胶碳基复合相变材料性能表征及导热增强研究

Characterization of properties and thermal conductivity enhancement of activated carbonized peach gum-based composite phase change materials

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