CIESC Journal ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (3): 1403-1415.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20211801
• Material science and engineering, nanotechnology • Previous Articles
Jian WANG1(),Zixuan LEI1,Jiayu YAO1,Jian LI2,Yuhong LIU1()
Received:
2021-12-22
Revised:
2022-01-27
Online:
2022-03-14
Published:
2022-03-15
Contact:
Yuhong LIU
通讯作者:
刘育红
作者简介:
王建(1996—),男,硕士研究生,基金资助:
CLC Number:
Jian WANG, Zixuan LEI, Jiayu YAO, Jian LI, Yuhong LIU. Synthesis and curing kinetics of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 1403-1415.
王建, 雷子萱, 姚家钰, 李建, 刘育红. 对苯二甲醛酚醛树脂的制备及其固化动力学研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1403-1415.
Fig.1 NMR images at 0 h and 4 h during the synthesis of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin and possible prepolymer structure(a); The amount of terephthalaldehyde involved in the reaction process(b)
Fig.4 Rheological viscosity diagrams of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resins with different contents of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (0%, 7%, 15%) during heating (80—170℃)
Fig.5 DSC of 0%-ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (a), 7%-ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (b), 15%-ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (c) modified terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin and FTIR diagram during resin curing process(d)
Fig.6 Curing mechanism diagram of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin (a) and ferrocenecarboxaldehyde modified terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin (b) (R:H or its substitute)
β/(℃/min) | 0% | 7% | 15% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tp1/℃ | Tp2/℃ | Tp1/℃ | Tp2/℃ | Tp1/℃ | Tp2/℃ | |
5 | 142.1 | 222.8 | 141.3 | 218.8 | 142.8 | 218.4 |
10 | 148.6 | 235.7 | 147.5 | 230.6 | 148.7 | 228.8 |
15 | 152.5 | 242.7 | 152.0 | 238.8 | 153.2 | 236.0 |
20 | 156.5 | 250.4 | 155.9 | 246.1 | 156.6 | 240.6 |
Table 1 Peak temperatures of two curing peaks of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin with different contents of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (0%, 7%, 15%)
β/(℃/min) | 0% | 7% | 15% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tp1/℃ | Tp2/℃ | Tp1/℃ | Tp2/℃ | Tp1/℃ | Tp2/℃ | |
5 | 142.1 | 222.8 | 141.3 | 218.8 | 142.8 | 218.4 |
10 | 148.6 | 235.7 | 147.5 | 230.6 | 148.7 | 228.8 |
15 | 152.5 | 242.7 | 152.0 | 238.8 | 153.2 | 236.0 |
20 | 156.5 | 250.4 | 155.9 | 246.1 | 156.6 | 240.6 |
Fig.7 Fitting curves of 0%- ferrocenecarboxaldehyde [(a),(b)], 7%- ferrocenecarboxaldehyde [(c),(d)], 15%-ferrocenecarboxaldehyde [(e),(f)] modified terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin
Peak | Ea/(kJ/mol) | ||
---|---|---|---|
0% | 7% | 15% | |
peak 1 | 137.82 | 134.07 | 143.14 |
peak 2 | 101.81 | 100.16 | 121.89 |
total | 239.63 | 234.23 | 265.03 |
Table 2 Activation energy of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin with different contents of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (0%, 7%, 15%)
Peak | Ea/(kJ/mol) | ||
---|---|---|---|
0% | 7% | 15% | |
peak 1 | 137.82 | 134.07 | 143.14 |
peak 2 | 101.81 | 100.16 | 121.89 |
total | 239.63 | 234.23 | 265.03 |
Fig.8 Activation energy of peak 1(a) and peak 2(b) of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin with different contents of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (0%, 7%, 15%)
Fig.9 Curves of curing degree and temperature of 0%- ferrocenecarboxaldehyde [(a),(b)], 7%- ferrocenecarboxaldehyde [(c),(d)], 15%- ferrocenecarboxaldehyde [(e),(f)] modified terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin
Sample | β/(℃/min) | lnA1 | m1 | n1 | m1/n1 | lnA2 | m2 | n2 | m2/n2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 5 | 39.39 | 0.75 | 0.08 | 7.90 | 23.94 | 0.78 | 0.28 | 3.53 |
10 | 39.37 | 0.73 | 0.04 | 23.86 | 0.78 | 0.25 | |||
15 | 39.56 | 0.79 | 0.11 | 23.77 | 0.76 | 0.17 | |||
20 | 39.48 | 0.81 | 0.16 | 23.60 | 0.75 | 0.17 | |||
7% | 5 | 38.36 | 0.87 | 0.08 | 5.38 | 23.46 | 0.78 | 0.19 | 3.54 |
10 | 38.37 | 0.76 | 0.07 | 23.89 | 0.84 | 0.30 | |||
15 | 38.80 | 0.85 | 0.35 | 23.78 | 0.78 | 0.19 | |||
20 | 38.37 | 0.93 | 0.14 | 23.63 | 0.76 | 0.22 | |||
15% | 5 | 40.88 | 0.80 | 0.03 | 5.20 | 28.77 | 0.75 | 0.02 | 9.70 |
10 | 41.00 | 0.79 | 0.12 | 28.92 | 0.80 | 0.15 | |||
15 | 41.05 | 0.85 | 0.30 | 28.88 | 0.83 | 0.15 | |||
20 | 40.86 | 0.80 | 0.17 | 28.81 | 0.78 | 0.01 |
Table 3 Curing kinetic parameters of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin with different contents of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (0%, 7%, 15%)
Sample | β/(℃/min) | lnA1 | m1 | n1 | m1/n1 | lnA2 | m2 | n2 | m2/n2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 5 | 39.39 | 0.75 | 0.08 | 7.90 | 23.94 | 0.78 | 0.28 | 3.53 |
10 | 39.37 | 0.73 | 0.04 | 23.86 | 0.78 | 0.25 | |||
15 | 39.56 | 0.79 | 0.11 | 23.77 | 0.76 | 0.17 | |||
20 | 39.48 | 0.81 | 0.16 | 23.60 | 0.75 | 0.17 | |||
7% | 5 | 38.36 | 0.87 | 0.08 | 5.38 | 23.46 | 0.78 | 0.19 | 3.54 |
10 | 38.37 | 0.76 | 0.07 | 23.89 | 0.84 | 0.30 | |||
15 | 38.80 | 0.85 | 0.35 | 23.78 | 0.78 | 0.19 | |||
20 | 38.37 | 0.93 | 0.14 | 23.63 | 0.76 | 0.22 | |||
15% | 5 | 40.88 | 0.80 | 0.03 | 5.20 | 28.77 | 0.75 | 0.02 | 9.70 |
10 | 41.00 | 0.79 | 0.12 | 28.92 | 0.80 | 0.15 | |||
15 | 41.05 | 0.85 | 0.30 | 28.88 | 0.83 | 0.15 | |||
20 | 40.86 | 0.80 | 0.17 | 28.81 | 0.78 | 0.01 |
Fig.10 Fitting curves of 0%- ferrocenecarboxaldehyde[(a),(b)], 7%- ferrocenecarboxaldehyde[(c),(d)], 15%- ferrocenecarboxaldehyde[ (e),(f) ] modified terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin (the solid line is the curve obtained from simulated data, and the scattered point is the curve obtained from experimental data)
Fig.12 TG(a) and DTG(b) curves of terephthalaldehyde phenolic resin modified with different contents of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (0%, 7%, 15%) in N2 atmosphere
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