CIESC Journal ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (2): 756-765.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20220998
• Catalysis, kinetics and reactors • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xianxian RAO1,2(), Miao DU3(), Guorong SHAN1,2(), Pengju PAN1,2
Received:
2022-07-15
Revised:
2022-10-04
Online:
2023-03-21
Published:
2023-02-05
Contact:
Miao DU, Guorong SHAN
饶纤纤1,2(), 杜淼3(), 单国荣1,2(), 潘鹏举1,2
通讯作者:
杜淼,单国荣
作者简介:
饶纤纤(1998—),女,硕士研究生,raoxianxian@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Xianxian RAO, Miao DU, Guorong SHAN, Pengju PAN. Effect of different metal salt demulsifiers on vulcanization behavior of isobutylene isoprene rubber[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 756-765.
饶纤纤, 杜淼, 单国荣, 潘鹏举. 不同金属盐破乳对丁基橡胶硫化行为的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(2): 756-765.
Types of ingredients | phr of ingredients |
---|---|
IIR latex (solid content) | 100.0 |
S | 1.5 |
ZBEC | 1.5 |
ZMBT | 1.5 |
ZnO | 5.0 |
stearic acid | 2.0 |
4020 | 1.5 |
Table 1 Formula of IIR vulcanization system
Types of ingredients | phr of ingredients |
---|---|
IIR latex (solid content) | 100.0 |
S | 1.5 |
ZBEC | 1.5 |
ZMBT | 1.5 |
ZnO | 5.0 |
stearic acid | 2.0 |
4020 | 1.5 |
Metallic salts | t10/min | t90/min | v×105/ (mol/cm3) | Gel fraction/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stirring | 116.09 | 16.80 | 99.29 | 2.0 | 22.0 | 2.30±0.60 | 89.06 |
MgCl2 | 93.32 | 13.47 | 79.85 | 2.5 | 30.0 | 4.31±0.50 | 91.15 |
CaCl2 | 113.96 | 20.27 | 93.69 | 3.0 | 19.0 | 2.85±0.80 | 90.41 |
CuCl2 | 89.09 | 14.31 | 74.78 | 5.5 | 24.0 | 1.15±0.70 | 92.20 |
ZnCl2 | 119.54 | 13.40 | 106.14 | 7.0 | 38.0 | 3.75±0.80 | 90.39 |
AlCl3 | 106.09 | 14.46 | 91.63 | 3.0 | 21.0 | 1.55±0.40 | 90.39 |
MgSO4 | 99.03 | 18.40 | 80.63 | 3.0 | 14.0 | 1.52±0.40 | 90.09 |
CuSO4 | 145.44 | 24.65 | 120.79 | 5.5 | 27.0 | 2.56±0.60 | 89.71 |
Mg(OAc)2 | 91.98 | 15.22 | 76.76 | 2.5 | 17.0 | 3.99±1.20 | 90.96 |
Cu(OAc)2 | 125.45 | 12.14 | 113.31 | 6.0 | 26.0 | 2.62±0.50 | 91.96 |
Zn(OAc)2 | 155.59 | 18.13 | 137.46 | 3.5 | 30.0 | 3.27±1.20 | 88.50 |
Ca(NO3)2 | 81.96 | 13.60 | 68.36 | 2.0 | 27.0 | 4.29±1.0 | 92.00 |
Table 2 Gmax',Gmin',Gmax'-Gmin', t10, t90, v and gel fraction of IIR after demulsification with different metallic salt solutions (160℃)
Metallic salts | t10/min | t90/min | v×105/ (mol/cm3) | Gel fraction/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stirring | 116.09 | 16.80 | 99.29 | 2.0 | 22.0 | 2.30±0.60 | 89.06 |
MgCl2 | 93.32 | 13.47 | 79.85 | 2.5 | 30.0 | 4.31±0.50 | 91.15 |
CaCl2 | 113.96 | 20.27 | 93.69 | 3.0 | 19.0 | 2.85±0.80 | 90.41 |
CuCl2 | 89.09 | 14.31 | 74.78 | 5.5 | 24.0 | 1.15±0.70 | 92.20 |
ZnCl2 | 119.54 | 13.40 | 106.14 | 7.0 | 38.0 | 3.75±0.80 | 90.39 |
AlCl3 | 106.09 | 14.46 | 91.63 | 3.0 | 21.0 | 1.55±0.40 | 90.39 |
MgSO4 | 99.03 | 18.40 | 80.63 | 3.0 | 14.0 | 1.52±0.40 | 90.09 |
CuSO4 | 145.44 | 24.65 | 120.79 | 5.5 | 27.0 | 2.56±0.60 | 89.71 |
Mg(OAc)2 | 91.98 | 15.22 | 76.76 | 2.5 | 17.0 | 3.99±1.20 | 90.96 |
Cu(OAc)2 | 125.45 | 12.14 | 113.31 | 6.0 | 26.0 | 2.62±0.50 | 91.96 |
Zn(OAc)2 | 155.59 | 18.13 | 137.46 | 3.5 | 30.0 | 3.27±1.20 | 88.50 |
Ca(NO3)2 | 81.96 | 13.60 | 68.36 | 2.0 | 27.0 | 4.29±1.0 | 92.00 |
Metallic salt | K/(10-3 s-1) | Ea/(kJ/mol) | R2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
160℃ | R2 | 170℃ | R2 | 180℃ | R2 | |||
stirring | 1.550±0.034 | 0.9575 | 5.820±0.150 | 0.9831 | 11.190±0.260 | 0.9925 | 161.7±29.4 | 0.9679 |
MgCl2 | 1.370±0.002 | 0.9997 | 3.230±0.008 | 0.9997 | 7.410±0.041 | 0.9994 | 137.7±0.5 | 1.0000 |
CaCl2 | 2.270±0.009 | 0.9988 | 5.210±0.057 | 0.9965 | 10.280±0.065 | 0.9994 | 123.4±5.5 | 0.9980 |
CuCl2 | 1.820±0.006 | 0.9991 | 4.000±0.026 | 0.9983 | 8.960±0.110 | 0.9975 | 130.0±2.6 | 0.9996 |
ZnCl2 | 1.150±0.004 | 0.9985 | 2.300±0.014 | 0.9974 | 4.840±0.049 | 0.9966 | 95.4±16.2 | 0.9721 |
AlCl3 | 2.120±0.004 | 0.9998 | 4.180±0.011 | 0.9997 | 9.210±0.128 | 0.9967 | 119.8±6.8 | 0.9968 |
MgSO4 | 3.250±0.004 | 0.9991 | 7.700±0.018 | 0.9999 | 15.160±0.320 | 0.9955 | 125.7±7.1 | 0.9968 |
CuSO4 | 1.540±0.006 | 0.9983 | 3.290±0.023 | 0.9976 | 6.940±0.085 | 0.9969 | 122.8±1.0 | 0.9999 |
Mg(OAc)2 | 2.320±0.026 | 0.9914 | 4.790±0.055 | 0.9962 | 10.140±0.092 | 0.9989 | 120.3±2.7 | 0.9995 |
Cu(OAc)2 | 1.710±0.004 | 0.9995 | 3.550±0.011 | 0.9996 | 6.920±0.041 | 0.9993 | 114.1±1.5 | 0.9998 |
Zn(OAc)2 | 1.310±0.004 | 0.9990 | 2.600±0.010 | 0.9991 | 5.320±0.037 | 0.9986 | 114.3±2.9 | 0.9994 |
Ca(NO3)2 | 1.320±0.020 | 0.9757 | 4.090±0.092 | 0.9813 | 11.830±0.084 | 0.9994 | 179.0±0.9 | 1.0000 |
Table 3 Vulcanization rate constant and vulcanization activation energy of IIR after demulsification with different metallic salt solutions
Metallic salt | K/(10-3 s-1) | Ea/(kJ/mol) | R2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
160℃ | R2 | 170℃ | R2 | 180℃ | R2 | |||
stirring | 1.550±0.034 | 0.9575 | 5.820±0.150 | 0.9831 | 11.190±0.260 | 0.9925 | 161.7±29.4 | 0.9679 |
MgCl2 | 1.370±0.002 | 0.9997 | 3.230±0.008 | 0.9997 | 7.410±0.041 | 0.9994 | 137.7±0.5 | 1.0000 |
CaCl2 | 2.270±0.009 | 0.9988 | 5.210±0.057 | 0.9965 | 10.280±0.065 | 0.9994 | 123.4±5.5 | 0.9980 |
CuCl2 | 1.820±0.006 | 0.9991 | 4.000±0.026 | 0.9983 | 8.960±0.110 | 0.9975 | 130.0±2.6 | 0.9996 |
ZnCl2 | 1.150±0.004 | 0.9985 | 2.300±0.014 | 0.9974 | 4.840±0.049 | 0.9966 | 95.4±16.2 | 0.9721 |
AlCl3 | 2.120±0.004 | 0.9998 | 4.180±0.011 | 0.9997 | 9.210±0.128 | 0.9967 | 119.8±6.8 | 0.9968 |
MgSO4 | 3.250±0.004 | 0.9991 | 7.700±0.018 | 0.9999 | 15.160±0.320 | 0.9955 | 125.7±7.1 | 0.9968 |
CuSO4 | 1.540±0.006 | 0.9983 | 3.290±0.023 | 0.9976 | 6.940±0.085 | 0.9969 | 122.8±1.0 | 0.9999 |
Mg(OAc)2 | 2.320±0.026 | 0.9914 | 4.790±0.055 | 0.9962 | 10.140±0.092 | 0.9989 | 120.3±2.7 | 0.9995 |
Cu(OAc)2 | 1.710±0.004 | 0.9995 | 3.550±0.011 | 0.9996 | 6.920±0.041 | 0.9993 | 114.1±1.5 | 0.9998 |
Zn(OAc)2 | 1.310±0.004 | 0.9990 | 2.600±0.010 | 0.9991 | 5.320±0.037 | 0.9986 | 114.3±2.9 | 0.9994 |
Ca(NO3)2 | 1.320±0.020 | 0.9757 | 4.090±0.092 | 0.9813 | 11.830±0.084 | 0.9994 | 179.0±0.9 | 1.0000 |
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