Quantitative experimental study on detonation instability of multi-component

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240717

Abstract

Abstract:

The detonation instability of two multi-component components with different C/H ratios is analyzed. Detonation experiments were carried out in a D=80 mm tube to analyze the characteristics of detonation velocity and cell structure changes of the multi-component components. The influence of hydrogen partial pressure on the instability of multi-component detonation was analyzed from the angle of three-wave point trajectory spacing, pitch and chemical reaction process. It is found that the detonation velocity of multi-component #1 is similar to that of hydrogen premixed gas, although it fluctuates, it is generally stable, and is always stable above 0.95V_CJ. The detonation velocity of multi-component #2 is similar to that of methane premixed gas, and the fluctuation range is larger. From the perspective of cell structure characteristics, it is found that the variation trend of the number of detonation helical heads is similar to that of the velocity. The stability of component #1 is greater than that of component #2. The results are helpful to grasp the detonation propagation mechanism of multi-component.

Key words: multi-component, detonation, instability, hydrogen, methane, reaction kinetics

摘要：

对两种不同碳氢比例的多元组分进行爆轰不稳定性分析。在D=80 mm圆管中进行爆轰实验，分析多元组分的爆轰速度变化特性和胞格结构变化特性。分别从三波点轨迹间距、螺距和化学反应进程角度分析氢分压对多元组分爆轰不稳定性的影响，发现多元组分#1的爆轰速度与氢气预混气类似，虽有波动但总体较为平稳，始终稳定在0.95V_CJ以上；多元组分#2的爆轰速度与甲烷预混气类似，波动幅度较大。从胞格结构特性角度分析，发现爆轰螺旋头数的变化趋势与速度变化趋势相似。三种不稳定性分析方法均得到多元组分#1的稳定性比多元组分#2的稳定性大。研究结果有助于整体把握多元组分的爆轰传播机理。

关键词: 多元组分, 爆轰, 不稳定性, 氢, 甲烷, 反应动力学

CLC Number:

V 231

Huanjuan ZHAO, Yingxin BAO, Kang YU, Jing LIU, Xinming QIAN. Quantitative experimental study on detonation instability of multi-component[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(S1): 339-348.

赵焕娟, 包颖昕, 于康, 刘婧, 钱新明. 多元组分爆轰不稳定性定量实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 339-348.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Detonation experimental equipment

Table 1 Mixtures with different fuel compositions used in the experiment

多元组分	CH₄	H₂	O₂	N₂	C₂H₂	C₂H₄	CO	CO₂	其他
#1	0.021	0.064	0.277	0.375	0.016	0.031	0.054	0.049	0.001
#2	0.012	0.027	0.277	0.429	0.015	0.025	0.047	0.044	0.001

Fig.2 Detonation velocity of different premixed mixtures

Fig.3 Smoke foil records of different premixed mixtures

Fig.4 Comparison diagram of triple point trajectory spacing between multi-component and hydrogen and methane

Fig.5 Comparison diagram of triple point trajectory spacing of multiple components under different initial pressures

Table 2 Variance of triple point trajectory spacing for each premixed mixture

预混气	初始压力/kPa	方差/mm²
多元组分#1	20	6.72
	25	5.25
	40	2.72
	50	1.75
	80	2.87
	100	3.10
多元组分#2	20	8.63
	25	7.61
	40	6.90
	50	8.38
	80	4.02
	100	4.15
2H₂+O₂	15	0.58
CH₄+2O₂	15	2.70

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of pitch in cellular structure

Fig.7 Average pitch of two multiple components under different initial pressure conditions

Table 3 Parameters of the relationship between pitch and initial pressure

多元组分	a	b	关系式	R²
#1	227.2997	0.5035	$L = 227.2997 {P_{0}}^{- 0.5035}$	0.8999
#2	448.3514	0.7966	$L = 448.3514 {P_{0}}^{- 0.7966}$	0.9784

Table 3 Parameters of the relationship between pitch and initial pressure

多元组分	a	b	关系式	R²
#1	227.2997	0.5035	$L = 227.2997 {P_{0}}^{- 0.5035}$	0.8999
#2	448.3514	0.7966	$L = 448.3514 {P_{0}}^{- 0.7966}$	0.9784

Table 4 Comparison of instability parameter X， effective activation energy and cell instability of the three premixed gases［29］

预混气	X	ε_I/(kJ/mol)	胞格不稳定度
CH₄+2O₂	52.50	11.84	高度不稳定
2H₂+O₂+50%Ar	0.74	4.52	高度稳定

Table 5 Comparison of instability parameters

项目	$X_{C H_{4}}$	$X_{H_{2}}$	$X_{M 1}$	$X_{M 2}$
理论值	52.50	0.74	13.53	16.67
实验值	2.70	0.58	1.10	1.23
偏差	94.86%	21.62%	91.86%	92.62%

Table 5 Comparison of instability parameters

项目	$X_{C H_{4}}$	$X_{H_{2}}$	$X_{M 1}$	$X_{M 2}$
理论值	52.50	0.74	13.53	16.67
实验值	2.70	0.58	1.10	1.23
偏差	94.86%	21.62%	91.86%	92.62%

Table 6 Comparison of reaction processes of different premixed mixtures

预混气	基元反应进程
2H₂+O₂+3Ar^[30]	H₂+O₂HO₂·+H·
	H₂+MH·+H·+M
	H·+O₂OH·+O·
	O·+H₂OH·+H·
	HO₂·+H·OH·+OH·
	H₂+HO₂·H₂O₂+H·
	H₂O₂OH·+OH·
	OH·+H₂H₂O+H·
CH₄+2O₂^[31]	CH₃+OHHCOH+H₂
	HCOH+O₂CO₂+H₂O
	HCOH+O₂CO₂+H+OH
	CH₃OHCH₃+OH
	CH₃OH+CH₃CH₃O+CH₄
	CH₂OH+O₂CH₂O+HO₂
	CH₂OH+HCO2CH₂O
	CH₂O+HCH₂OH
	CH₃+OHCH₂OH+H
	CH₂+O₂HCO+OH
	CH₄+CH₂2CH₃
	CH₂+O₂CO₂+2H
	CH₃+OHCH₂+H₂O
	CH₂(S)+O₂CO+H₂O
	CH₂(S)+H₂CH₃+H
	CH₂(S)+O₂H+OH+CO
	CH₃+OHCH₂(S)+H₂O

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of chemical reaction of different gases

References 31

1	Zhang K, Jin D, Song F L. Experimental research on nanosecond pulsed gliding arc discharge plasma cracking kerosene[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2022, 43(7): 419-427.
2	Liu M X, Tan N X, Wang J B. Mechanism construction and kinetic simulation for the combustion of cracked kerosene[J]. Chem. Res. Appl., 2019, 31: 278-282.
3	Rudy W, Zbikowski M, Teodorczyk A. Detonations in hydrogen-methane-air mixtures in semi confined flat channels[J]. Energy, 2016, 116: 1479-1483.
4	Bykovskii F A, Zhdan S A, Vedernikov E F. Continuous spin detonations[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2006, 22(6): 1204-1216.
5	Zhong Y P, Jin D, Wu Y, et al. Investigation of rotating detonation wave fueled by“ethylene-acetylene-hydrogen”mixture[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(31): 14787-14797.
6	Zhou S B, Ma H, Chen S H, et al. Experimental investigation on propagation characteristics of rotating detonation wave with a hydrogen-ethylene-acetylene fuel[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2019, 157: 310-320.
7	Zhou S B, Ma H, Zhou C S, et al. Experimental research on the propagation process of rotating detonation wave with a gaseous hydrocarbon mixture fuel[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2021, 179: 1-10.
8	韩家祥, 白桥栋, 邱晗, 等. 燃烧室结构对煤油预燃裂解气旋转爆轰特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报. 2024, 45(8): 2837-2850.
	Han J X, Bai Q D, Qiu H, et al. Influence of combustor configuration on rotating detonation characteristics of kerosene pre-combustion cracking gas[J]. Acta Armrmamentarii. 2024, 45(8): 2837-2850.
9	陈昊, 白桥栋, 翁春生. 旋转爆轰燃烧室内煤油多元组分冷流掺混特性研究[J]. 弹道学报, 2023, 35(2): 9-19.
	Chen H, Bai Q D, Weng C S. Research on cold flow mixing characteristics of kerosene pyrolysis gas in rotating detonation combustor[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2023, 35(2): 9-19.
10	吴敏宣, 白桥栋, 翁春生, 等. C₂H₄/CH₄/H₂混合气旋转爆轰波传播特性数值模拟研究[J]. 推进技术, 2022, 43(11): 210712.
	Wu M X, Bai Q D, Weng C S, et al. Numerical simulation of rotating detonation wave propagation characteristics of C₂H₄/CH₄/H₂mixture[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2022, 43(11): 210712.
11	吴明亮, 郑权, 续晗等. 氢气占比对氢气-煤油-空气旋转爆轰波传播特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(1): 86-97.
	Wu M L, Zheng Q, Xu H, et al. The influence of hydrogen proportion on the propagation characteristics of hydrogen-kerosene-air rotating detonation waves[J]. Acta Armrmamentarii, 2022, 43(1): 86-97.
12	刘秋月, 王放, 翁春生, 等. 预混煤油/空气两相旋转爆轰传播特性数值研究[J]. 推进技术, 2024, 45(9): 113-123.
	Liu Q Y, Wang F, Weng C S, et al. Numerical study on propagation characteristics of two-phase rotating detonation of premixed kerosene/air[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2024, 45(9): 113-123.
13	黄瀚黎, 吕亚锦, 郑权, 等. 当量比对常温煤油-氢气-空气旋转爆轰传播影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2024, 39(9): 20220712.
	Huang H L, Lv Y J, Zheng Q, et al. Effect of equivalence ratio on kerosene-hydrogen-air rotating detonation propagation at room temperature[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2024, 39(9): 20220712.
14	Zheng Q, Hao L M, Weng C S, et al. Experimental research on the instability propagation characteristics of liquid kerosene rotating detonation Technology, 2020, 16(6): 1106-1115.
15	Li X, Li J, Qin Q, et al. Experimental study on detonation characteristics of liquid kerosene/air rotating detonation engine[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2024, 215: 124-134.
16	Kindracki J. Experimental research on rotating detonation in liquid fuel-gaseous air mixtures[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2015, 43: 445-453.
17	Frolov S M, Aksenov V S, Ivanov V S, et al. Continuous detonation combustion of ternary “hydrogen-liquid propane-air” mixture in annular combustor[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(26): 16808-16820.
18	Prakash S, Raman V, Lietz C, et al. Numerical simulation of a methane-oxygen rotating detonation rocket engine[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(3): 3777-3786.
19	Bouras F, El Hadi Attia M, Khaldi F, et al. Control of methane flame properties by hydrogen fuel addition: application to power plant combustion chamber[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(13): 8932-8939.
20	Shih H, Liu C. A computational study on the combustion of hydrogen/methane blended fuels for a micro gas turbine[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39 (27): 15103-15115.
21	Burbano H J, Amell A A, García J M. Effects of hydrogen addition to methane on the flame structure and CO emissions in atmospheric burners[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2008, 33 (13): 3410-3415.
22	Yang C, Han Q, Liu H, et al. Ignition characteristics of methane-air mixture at low initial temperature[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2023, 10: 1003470.
23	Welch C, Depperschmidt D, Miller R, et al. Experimental analysis of wave propagation in a methane-fueled rotating detonation combustor[C]//Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Oslo, Norway, 2018.
24	Bykovskii F, Zhdan S, Vedernikov E. Continuous detonation of methane/hydrogen-air mixtures in an annular cylindrical combustor[J]. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2018, 54: 472-481.
25	Cojocea A V, Cuciuc T, Porumbel I, et al. Experimental investigations of hydrogen fuelled pulsed detonation combustor[C]//Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2022.
26	Zheng Z J, Wan Z J, Li P, et al. High temperature auto-ignition delay characteristics of pyrolysis gas of aviation kerosene[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2020, 28(5): 391-397.
27	赵焕娟, Lee J H S, 张英华. 甲烷预混气螺旋爆轰的定量不稳定性研究[J]. 工程科学学报, 2016, 38(11): 1522-1531.
	Zhao H J, Lee J H S, Zhang Y H. Quantitative irregularity analysis for spinning detonation of premixed CH₄+2O₂ [J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2016, 38(11): 1522-1531.
28	Gao Y, Ng H D, Lee J H S. Minimum tube diameters for steady propagation of gaseous detonations[J]. Shock Waves, 2014, 24(4): 447-454.
29	Ng H D, Radulescu M I, Higgins A J, et al. Numerical investigation of the instability for one-dimensional Chapman-Jouguet detonations with chain-branching kinetics[J]. Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2005, 9(3): 385-401.
30	李象远, 申屠江涛, 李宜蔚, 等. 燃烧反应机理构建的极小反应网络方法——氢氧燃烧[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2020, 41(4): 772-779.
	Li X Y, Shentu J T, Li Y W, et al. Combustion mechanism construction based on minimized reaction network: hydrogen-oxygen combustion[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(4): 772-779.
31	黄婷, 张浩楠, 薛洁, 等. 甲烷机理的简化及其在Flame D火焰数值模拟中的应用[J]. 化学研究与应用, 2022, 34(10): 2425-2434.
	Huang T, Zhang H N, Xu J, et al. Reduction of methane mechanism and its application in the numerical simulation of flame D[J]. Chemical Research and Application, 2022, 34(10): 2425-2434.

[1]	Meilin SHI, Lianda ZHAO, Xingjian DENG, Jingsong WANG, Haibin ZUO, Qingguo XUE. Research progress on catalytic methane reforming process [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(S1): 25-39.
[2]	Hongbiao XU, Liang YANG, Zidong LI, Daoping LIU. Kinetics of methane hydrate formation in saline droplets/copper foam composite system [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(9): 3287-3296.
[3]	Xinyi LUO, Qiang XU, Yonglu SHE, Tengfei NIE, Liejin GUO. Study on bubble dynamic characteristics and mass transfer mechanism in photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(9): 3083-3093.
[4]	Shuyue LI, Huan WANG, Shaoqiang ZHOU, Zhihong MAO, Yongmin ZHANG, Junwu WANG, Xiuhua WU. Numerical simulation of hydrogen reduction of U₃O₈ in fluidized bed reactors using CPFD method [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(9): 3133-3151.
[5]	Junfeng WANG, Junjie ZHANG, Wei ZHANG, Jiale WANG, Shuyan SHUANG, Yadong ZHANG. Liquid-phase discharge plasma decomposition of methanol for hydrogen production: optimization of electrode configuration [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(9): 3277-3286.
[6]	Jingyu WANG, Jia LIU, Jixiang XU, Lei WANG. Synthesis of lamellar PtZn@Silicalite-1 zeolite and its catalytic properties for propane dehydrogenation [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(9): 3188-3197.
[7]	Dezheng HU, Rong WANG, Shidong WANG, Wenfei YANG, Hongwei ZHANG, Pei YUAN. Construction of amorphous NiP@γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst rich in Ni ^δ⁺ for petroleum resin hydrogenation with enhanced hydrogenation and desulfurization activity [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(9): 3152-3162.
[8]	Jialei CAO, Liyan SUN, Dewang ZENG, Fan YIN, Zixiang GAO, Rui XIAO. Numerical simulation of chemical looping hydrogen generation with dual fluidized bed reactors [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(8): 2865-2874.
[9]	Jiaqi DING, Haitao LIU, Pu ZHAO, Xiangning ZHU, Xiaofang WANG, Rong XIE. Study on intelligent rolling prediction of the multiphase flows in coal-supercritical water fluidized bed reactor for hydrogen production [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(8): 2886-2896.
[10]	Lu YANG, Congcong LIU, Tongtong MENG, Boyuan ZHANG, Tengfei YANG, Wen’an DENG, Xiaobin WANG. Hydrogenation and coke-suppression performance of dispersed catalyst in coal/heavy oil co-processing reactions [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(7): 2556-2564.
[11]	Guangyu ZHANG, Ranfei FU, Bing SUN, Juncong YUAN, Xiang FENG, Chaohe YANG, Wei XU. Synthesis of propylene carbonate from CO₂ and propylene oxide: hydrogen bond activation strategy [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(6): 2243-2251.
[12]	Chenggong CHANG, Haonan SONG, Feixia LEI, Zichen DI, Fangqin CHENG. Study on the carbon reduction potential of blast furnace injection process using reformed coke oven gas [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(6): 2344-2352.
[13]	Mengyao KOU, Fangfei ZHENG, Wen XU, Na GUO, Bing LIAO. Determination of tetracycline degradation by alkali-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide system: law of action and mechanism analysis [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(6): 2362-2374.
[14]	Lihao LIU, Ting HUANG, Yu YONG, Xinhao LUO, Zeming ZHAO, Shangfei SONG, Bohui SHI, Guangjin CHEN, Jing GONG. CH₄-hydrate formation and solid-phase deposition in salt-sand coexisting flow systems [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(5): 1987-2000.
[15]	Zhihong HUANG, Li ZHOU, Shiyang CHAI, Xu JI. Integrating optimization of hydrogenation units in multi-period hydrogen network [J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(5): 1951-1965.