Advances in the application of carbon nanomaterials for zinc ion batteries

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240741

Abstract

Abstract:

Zinc ion batteries have great potential for development in power grid and wearable devices due to their low price, excellent energy storage performance, and safety. However, zinc as a negative electrode is unstable, and zinc dendrites are easily formed on the zinc negative electrode accompanied by hydrogen evolution and side reactions, which has always been an obstacle to its widespread application. Carbon nanomaterials with excellent electrical conductivity, chemical stability and tunable surface properties have shown a wide range of applications in zinc ion batteries. This paper first briefly describes the working principle of zinc-ion batteries, and focuses on the application of carbon nanomaterials in zinc ion batteries, then summarizes the different forms of carbon nanomaterials used in zinc ion batteries and their effects on improving battery performance. It also looks forward to the potential future trends of carbon nanomaterials in the field of zinc ion batteries.

Key words: carbon nanomaterials, zinc ion battery, electrochemistry, zinc anode, carbon nanotubes, graphene

摘要：

锌离子电池（ZIBs）由于其低廉的价格、优异的储能性能和安全性能，在电网和可穿戴设备中有很大的发展潜力。但锌作为负极表现出不稳定性，在锌负极上容易形成锌枝晶并伴随析氢和副反应，这一直是其广泛应用的障碍。碳纳米材料具有优异的导电性、化学稳定性和表面性能可调性，在锌离子电池的应用中展现出了广泛的前景。首先简述了锌离子电池的工作原理，重点综述了碳纳米材料在锌离子电池中的应用，最后总结了碳纳米材料在锌离子电池中的不同应用形式及其在电池性能提升方面的作用，并展望了碳纳米材料未来在锌离子电池领域的潜在发展趋势。

关键词: 碳纳米材料, 锌离子电池, 电化学, 锌负极, 碳纳米管, 石墨烯

CLC Number:

TQ 127.1

Ziyi XU, Yang XI, Zewen SONG, Haijun ZHOU. Advances in the application of carbon nanomaterials for zinc ion batteries[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(1): 40-52.

徐子易, 席阳, 宋泽文, 周海骏. 碳纳米材料在锌离子电池中的应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 40-52.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Growth（a）, dissolution（b） and regeneration（c） of zinc dendrites in aqueous solution containing 5 mol·L-1 KOH and 0.15 mol·L-1 ZnO[31]; Schematic diagram of zinc dendrite growth, corrosion and passivation (d)[35]

Fig.2 Galvanized/stripped in zinc foil (a) and inside zinc/carbon nanotube foam (b)[42]; Cross section (c), surface SEM image (d), and element map (e) of the VO2(B)-MWCNTs electrode[43]

Fig.3 Epitaxial metal electrodeposition design (a) and SEM image for galvanizing graphene coating on stainless steel (b)[19]； CV carves at 0.1 mV·s-1 (c) and charge and discharge curves at 100 mA·g-1 (d) of VO2(D)[45]； Zinc deposition process on CC and N-VG@CC electrodes (e)[18]

Fig.4 Cycle performance when current density is 0.1 mA·cm-2 and charge and discharge capacity is 0.5 mAh·cm-2 (a) [51]; GCD curves at different current densities (b) and cyclic properties of Mn2+/Zn2+ HB (c)[52]

Fig.5 (a) Galvanizing/stripping CE on copper foil with/without CNG at 0.5 mA·cm-2 current density[60]; (b) Diagram of ZGL@Zn galvanizing during Zn2+ deposition[61]; (c) PEDOT:PSS/GS@Zn negative galvanizing behavior[62]

Fig.6 (a) Zinc deposition on zinc negative electrode with/without DMF-CDs[65]; (b) Zinc deposition on zinc negative electrode with or without GO electrolyte[24]; (c) NSQD layer is conducive to inhibiting dendrite growth and HER[66]

Fig.7 (a) SEM image of CG separator[69]; (c) Effect of different partitions on the cyclic performance of Zn/MnO2 batteries at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1[70]; (b) Design drawing of glass fiber diaphragm and Janus diaphragm [71]; (d) Transmission behavior of SO42- and H+ by glass fiber membranes and Janus membranes[72]

Table 1 Advantages and limitations of carbon nanomaterials in different applications

碳纳米材料的应用	优点	局限性
作为电极材料	提高电极的电荷传输能力和反应活性	储锌能力有限，复合材料的制备工艺复杂
作为保护层	抑制电极在充放电过程中发生腐蚀和枝晶生长	保护层的制备工艺需要精细控制，保护层在循环过程中易脱落
作为电解质添加剂	提高电解质的离子传输性能和稳定性，改善电池的性能	电解质添加剂的用量和种类需要精确控制
对隔膜进行改性	提高隔膜的机械强度、热稳定性和离子选择性	工艺复杂，难以确保材料在隔膜中的均匀分布和稳定性，电池能量密度、循环寿命和安全性要求高

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