Abstract: Comprehensive process mineralogy analysis of waste residue from incomplete reaction of titanium concentrate and sulfuric acid in sulfate process of titanium dioxide industry was made with Mastersizer 2000, XRD, XRF, ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, specific gravity method and screening, to provide guidance to recycling ilmenite. The residue had wet surface with about 45%(mass) soluble substance, including 4.06%(mass)Ti ion which could be hydrolyzed easily. The insoluble particles with various appearances contained 17.14%(mass) TiO₂, 10.78% (mass) Fe₂O₃, and 46.94%(mass) SiO₂. Its particle size distribution was between 1 mm and 100 mm. Its density was 3.21 g·cm^-3. From screening, there were different particle sizes and densities between ilmenite and other impurities. Particles above 120 mm with average density about 3.4 g·cm^-3 were mainly anhydrite. Particles between 18 mm and 75 μm with average density greater than 3.5 g·cm^-3 were mainly ilmenite. Particles below 18 mm with average density about 2.9 g·cm^-3 mainly contained silicon sludge, and became viscous and difficult to separate in water.

Key words: sulfate process of titanium dioxide, residue of ilmenite by acid hydrolysis, waste treatment, separation, recovery, mineralogical properties

摘要： 采用激光粒度仪、XRD、XRF、ICP-AES、SEM-EDS、比重法、筛分法等对硫酸法钛白生产过程中酸解尾渣进行系统的工艺矿物学特性分析,旨在为回收钛资源提供理论指导。研究表明,酸解尾渣表面潮湿,液相约占45%,其中易水解的可溶钛为4.06%(以TiO₂质量分数计);固相中不溶TiO₂干基含量为17.14%,固相颗粒粒径主要分布于1～100 mm,密度为3.21 g·cm^-3,颗粒大小、形状不一,有块状、锥状及团聚絮状。通过筛分实验得知钛矿与其他杂质颗粒的粒径、密度有明显差异,少量120 mm以上颗粒含有石膏,密度约3.41 g·cm^-3;18～75 mm主要为钛铁矿,密度大于3.54 g·cm^-3,钛品位可达26%;18 mm以下颗粒主要为硅泥,密度约2.90 g·cm^-3,易团聚,与水形成黏稠物,难分离。

关键词: 硫酸法钛白, 酸解尾渣, 废物处理, 分离, 回收, 工艺矿物学特性