Abstract: Solvent extraction is an important chemical separation technology which is widely used in hydrometallurgy, nuclear chemical industries, petrochemical industries and etc.Extraction columns have many advantages, but are very difficult to scale-up and design.The study on mathematic modeling and scale-up of extraction columns in abroad is reviewed,and then the research, innovation and application of extraction columns in China are detailed in this paper.The systematical studies on two-phase hydrodynamics, back mixing and mass transfer of pulsed sieve plate extraction column by Wang and his co-workers are introduced in some detail since its importance for nuclear industries.The approaches developed by Wang to scale-up extraction columns by the first principle are essential.The performance of new developed coalescence-dispersion pulsed sieve plate extraction column is excellent and has been used in industry.The studies on RDC, packed extraction column and pulsed packed extraction column are described too.The innovations on NRDC, SMR and PFMR have great importance since their excellent performance and wide application.

Key words: solvent extraction, extraction columns, pulsed sieve plate extraction column, two-phase hydrodynamics, back mixing, mass transfer

摘要： 溶剂萃取是一种重要的化工分离技术,在湿法冶金、原子能化工、石油化工等领域有着广泛的应用。萃取塔优点突出但设计放大困难。本文介绍了国外萃取塔数学模型和设计放大研究概况及其最新进展,并较详细地介绍了我国萃取塔设备的研究、创新和应用。鉴于脉冲筛板塔在核工业中的重要地位,着重介绍了在汪家鼎先生指导下所进行的脉冲筛板塔两相流体力学、纵向返混和传质特性等方面的系统研究工作,指出所形成的以特性速度进行塔径放大和考虑纵向混合的按基本原理进行脉冲筛板萃取塔放大设计的体系具有重要的普遍意义。所创制的"分散-聚并型"脉冲筛板塔性能优越,已在大型工业装置中得到成功的应用。也介绍了在我国广泛应用的转盘萃取塔、填料萃取塔和脉冲填料萃取塔的研究、创新和应用情况。其中在理论研究基础上创制的新型转盘萃取塔(NRDC)、内弯弧形筋片扁环填料(SMR)和挠性梅花扁环填料(PFMR)性能优良,推广应用效果显著。

关键词: 溶剂萃取, 萃取塔, 脉冲筛板塔, 两相流体力学, 返混, 传质