CIESC Journal ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (8): 3299-3306.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20220760
• Focal issues and hot topics • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2022-05-30
Revised:
2022-07-20
Online:
2022-09-06
Published:
2022-08-05
Contact:
Zhenyu LIU
通讯作者:
刘振宇
CLC Number:
Zhenyu LIU. Origin of low productivity of underground coal gasification: diffusion and reaction in stagnant boundary layer and gasification tunnel[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(8): 3299-3306.
刘振宇. 煤地下气化低效的化学反应工程根源:滞留层及通道中的传质与反应[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(8): 3299-3306.
试验年份 和地点 | 气化通道尺寸 | 粗煤气产出 | 有效气产量/ (m3/h) | 产气组成/%(有些总和不是100%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
长度/ m | 断面/ m2 | 气化面/ m2 | 产量/ (m3/h) | 速率/ (m/h) | 热值/ (MJ/m3) | CO | H2 | CO2 | CH4 | O2 | N2 | ||
1948美国高尔加斯 | 90 | 0.7 | 267 | 1870 | 7.0 | 0.1~0.9 | 34 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 6.0 | 0.4 | 12.7 | 79.5 |
1952美国高尔加斯 | 45 | 0.5 | 113 | 2110 | 19 | 2.7 | 352 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 11.7 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 70.9 |
1978美国汉纳 | 62 | 1.1 | 230 | 2040 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 757 | 1.9 | 25.1 | 44.0 | 10.1 | 0 | 16.1 |
1979比利时布阿略达姆 | 87 | 1.4 | 365 | 2500 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 1500 | 18.5 | 36.1 | 36.1 | 5.4 | 0.1 | 0 |
101 | 2.1 | 519 | 1950 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 1385 | 36.2 | 31.8 | 31.8 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | |
1952苏联顿巴斯 | 85 | 1.4 | 356 | 3080 | 8.7 | 4.2 | 1001 | 15.9 | 14.8 | 12.1 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 54.8 |
1956苏联莫斯科近郊 | 66 | 1.5 | 286 | 2900 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 658 | 7.1 | 14.1 | 19.5 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 55.9 |
1950英国纽门斯平尼 | 27.5 | 0.4 | 63 | 300 | 4.8 | 2.1 | 41 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 15.5 | 1.0 | 0 | 70.7 |
1994中国徐州新河 | 168 | 2.6 | 960 | 3240 | 3.4 | 13.1 | 2657① | 12.2 | 58.0 | 14.6 | 11.9 | 0 | 3.3 |
1996中国唐山刘庄 | 110/200 | 3.4 | 1319/ 2638 | 2325 | 1.8 | 12.5 | 1674 | 14.0 | 46.0 | 17.0 | 12.0 | 10.0 | |
4583 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 1627 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 13.5 | 3.0 | 52.5 | |||||
1996中国山东新汶 | 63/74 | 1357 | 10.1 | 841 | 9.4 | 44.1 | 30.0 | 8.5 | 0.7 | 7.9 | |||
2007中国乌兰察布 | 6250 | ||||||||||||
2010中国甘肃华亭 | 3067 | 4.1 | 938 | 12.7 | 16.3 | 17.5 | 1.5 | 0 | 51.7 | ||||
3216 | 4.8 | 1141 | 13.9 | 19.6 | 15.5 | 2.0 | 0 | 48.7 | |||||
3408 | 5.6 | 1388 | 18.0 | 20.6 | 19.0 | 2.1 | 0 | 39.8 | |||||
2096 | 6.7 | 1043 | 22.1 | 25.4 | 21.2 | 2.3 | 0 | 28.6 | |||||
1140 | 9.3 | 790 | 29.6 | 36.2 | 25.7 | 3.5 | 0 | 4.5 |
Table 1 Field data of underground gasification[4-7]
试验年份 和地点 | 气化通道尺寸 | 粗煤气产出 | 有效气产量/ (m3/h) | 产气组成/%(有些总和不是100%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
长度/ m | 断面/ m2 | 气化面/ m2 | 产量/ (m3/h) | 速率/ (m/h) | 热值/ (MJ/m3) | CO | H2 | CO2 | CH4 | O2 | N2 | ||
1948美国高尔加斯 | 90 | 0.7 | 267 | 1870 | 7.0 | 0.1~0.9 | 34 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 6.0 | 0.4 | 12.7 | 79.5 |
1952美国高尔加斯 | 45 | 0.5 | 113 | 2110 | 19 | 2.7 | 352 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 11.7 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 70.9 |
1978美国汉纳 | 62 | 1.1 | 230 | 2040 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 757 | 1.9 | 25.1 | 44.0 | 10.1 | 0 | 16.1 |
1979比利时布阿略达姆 | 87 | 1.4 | 365 | 2500 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 1500 | 18.5 | 36.1 | 36.1 | 5.4 | 0.1 | 0 |
101 | 2.1 | 519 | 1950 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 1385 | 36.2 | 31.8 | 31.8 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | |
1952苏联顿巴斯 | 85 | 1.4 | 356 | 3080 | 8.7 | 4.2 | 1001 | 15.9 | 14.8 | 12.1 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 54.8 |
1956苏联莫斯科近郊 | 66 | 1.5 | 286 | 2900 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 658 | 7.1 | 14.1 | 19.5 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 55.9 |
1950英国纽门斯平尼 | 27.5 | 0.4 | 63 | 300 | 4.8 | 2.1 | 41 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 15.5 | 1.0 | 0 | 70.7 |
1994中国徐州新河 | 168 | 2.6 | 960 | 3240 | 3.4 | 13.1 | 2657① | 12.2 | 58.0 | 14.6 | 11.9 | 0 | 3.3 |
1996中国唐山刘庄 | 110/200 | 3.4 | 1319/ 2638 | 2325 | 1.8 | 12.5 | 1674 | 14.0 | 46.0 | 17.0 | 12.0 | 10.0 | |
4583 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 1627 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 13.5 | 3.0 | 52.5 | |||||
1996中国山东新汶 | 63/74 | 1357 | 10.1 | 841 | 9.4 | 44.1 | 30.0 | 8.5 | 0.7 | 7.9 | |||
2007中国乌兰察布 | 6250 | ||||||||||||
2010中国甘肃华亭 | 3067 | 4.1 | 938 | 12.7 | 16.3 | 17.5 | 1.5 | 0 | 51.7 | ||||
3216 | 4.8 | 1141 | 13.9 | 19.6 | 15.5 | 2.0 | 0 | 48.7 | |||||
3408 | 5.6 | 1388 | 18.0 | 20.6 | 19.0 | 2.1 | 0 | 39.8 | |||||
2096 | 6.7 | 1043 | 22.1 | 25.4 | 21.2 | 2.3 | 0 | 28.6 | |||||
1140 | 9.3 | 790 | 29.6 | 36.2 | 25.7 | 3.5 | 0 | 4.5 |
气化炉 | 单台规模 | 产气组成/%(有些总和不是100%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
煤量/(t/d) | 粗气/(m3/h) | 有效气/(m3/h) | CO | H2 | CO2 | CH4 | O2 | N2 | ||
气流床 (1400~1600℃) | 多喷嘴对置[ | 3000 4000 | — | 200000 247500 | 45.5 | 35.5 | 18.5 | — | — | — |
GE[ | — | — | 43.9 | 37.0 | 19.5 | — | — | — | ||
航天炉[ | 3500 | — | — | 67.5 | 25.0 | 5.5 | — | — | — | |
壳牌[ | 3000 | — | — | 63.3 | 21.1 | 13.8 | — | — | 1.8 | |
GSP[ | 2000 | — | — | 58.9 | 29.1 | 5.6 | — | — | — | |
西安热工两段[ | 2000 | — | — | 51.0 | 31.2 | 17.8 | — | 0.1 | — | |
流化床 (800~1000℃) | 中科院工热所[ | 2500 | 200000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
循环流化床[ | 700~1000 | 80000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
灰熔聚-瘦煤[ | — | — | 26.7 | 42.1 | 21.0 | 1.9 | — | 8.2 | ||
灰熔聚-长焰煤[ | — | — | 29.5 | 39.7 | 21.6 | 1.7 | — | 7.4 | ||
流化床[ | — | — | — | 41.5 | 38.5 | 15.0 | — | — | — | |
移动床 (固态排渣和液态排渣的温度不同,气化区温度800~1400℃) | 碎煤加压固态排渣[ | 1500 | — | 119,000 | 25 | 38.5 | 22.5 | 10.5 | — | — |
碎煤加压-义马 | — | 110000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
鲁奇Mark V固渣 | 2000 | 100000~140000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Mark+[ | — | 120000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
鲁奇无烟煤[ | — | — | — | 20.3 | 45.3 | 27.5 | 4.7 | — | 1.3 | |
鲁奇次烟煤[ | — | — | — | 21.4 | 38.4 | 28.9 | 9.6 | — | 1.0 | |
鲁奇褐煤[ | — | — | — | 19.1 | 37.2 | 30.7 | 11.8 | — | 0.5 |
Table 2 Capacity and gas composition of gasifiers
气化炉 | 单台规模 | 产气组成/%(有些总和不是100%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
煤量/(t/d) | 粗气/(m3/h) | 有效气/(m3/h) | CO | H2 | CO2 | CH4 | O2 | N2 | ||
气流床 (1400~1600℃) | 多喷嘴对置[ | 3000 4000 | — | 200000 247500 | 45.5 | 35.5 | 18.5 | — | — | — |
GE[ | — | — | 43.9 | 37.0 | 19.5 | — | — | — | ||
航天炉[ | 3500 | — | — | 67.5 | 25.0 | 5.5 | — | — | — | |
壳牌[ | 3000 | — | — | 63.3 | 21.1 | 13.8 | — | — | 1.8 | |
GSP[ | 2000 | — | — | 58.9 | 29.1 | 5.6 | — | — | — | |
西安热工两段[ | 2000 | — | — | 51.0 | 31.2 | 17.8 | — | 0.1 | — | |
流化床 (800~1000℃) | 中科院工热所[ | 2500 | 200000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
循环流化床[ | 700~1000 | 80000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
灰熔聚-瘦煤[ | — | — | 26.7 | 42.1 | 21.0 | 1.9 | — | 8.2 | ||
灰熔聚-长焰煤[ | — | — | 29.5 | 39.7 | 21.6 | 1.7 | — | 7.4 | ||
流化床[ | — | — | — | 41.5 | 38.5 | 15.0 | — | — | — | |
移动床 (固态排渣和液态排渣的温度不同,气化区温度800~1400℃) | 碎煤加压固态排渣[ | 1500 | — | 119,000 | 25 | 38.5 | 22.5 | 10.5 | — | — |
碎煤加压-义马 | — | 110000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
鲁奇Mark V固渣 | 2000 | 100000~140000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Mark+[ | — | 120000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
鲁奇无烟煤[ | — | — | — | 20.3 | 45.3 | 27.5 | 4.7 | — | 1.3 | |
鲁奇次烟煤[ | — | — | — | 21.4 | 38.4 | 28.9 | 9.6 | — | 1.0 | |
鲁奇褐煤[ | — | — | — | 19.1 | 37.2 | 30.7 | 11.8 | — | 0.5 |
项目 | 地下气化① | 移动床 | 流化床 | 气流床 |
---|---|---|---|---|
颗粒直径d/10-3 m | 700 | 10 | 4 | 0.02 |
等质量煤颗粒数之比 | — | 1 | 15.6 | 1250000 |
等质量煤颗粒表面积A之比 | 0.014 | 1 | 2.5 | 500 |
气化炉中煤颗粒的停留时间/s | — | 3600 | 1200~1800 | 5~10 |
气化炉中瞬时煤质量的表面积比 | 0.014 | 1 | 0.8~1.3 | 0.7~1.4 |
Table 3 Surface area comparison of coal particles on mass basis (based on a single fixed-bed coal particle of d=10 ×10-3 m)
项目 | 地下气化① | 移动床 | 流化床 | 气流床 |
---|---|---|---|---|
颗粒直径d/10-3 m | 700 | 10 | 4 | 0.02 |
等质量煤颗粒数之比 | — | 1 | 15.6 | 1250000 |
等质量煤颗粒表面积A之比 | 0.014 | 1 | 2.5 | 500 |
气化炉中煤颗粒的停留时间/s | — | 3600 | 1200~1800 | 5~10 |
气化炉中瞬时煤质量的表面积比 | 0.014 | 1 | 0.8~1.3 | 0.7~1.4 |
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