Abstract:

NiCo₂S₄ is a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). In this paper, a simple one-step method (mixing and heat treatment) was used to synthesize in-situ synthesized NiCo₂S₄ submicron spheres (NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO) anchored on N, S co-doped reduced graphene oxide. XPS characterization demonstrated electron transfer between NiCo₂S₄ and N,S-rGO, which confirmed the strong synergistic effect between NiCo₂S₄ and N,S-rGO. The nanoparticles self-assembled NiCo₂S₄ spheres effectively promoted ion diffusion, and the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of N,S-rGO not only improved the conductivity of the electrode, but also effectively buffeted the large volume changes of NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO during the charge/discharge process. Benefiting from the unique nano-architecture and strong synergistic effect, NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO applied as anode materials for SIBs presented a high reversible capacity, impressive rate capability and superior long-term stability (396.7 mA·h/g at 0.5 A/g after 130 cycles, 283.3 mA·h/g at 2 A/g after 1000 cycles). Those results open an interesting strategy for rational design and preparation of efficient anode materials for SIBs.

Key words: homogeneous NiCo₂S₄ spheres, N,S co-doping rGO, nanomaterials, composites, anode material, sodium ion batteries, electrochemistry

摘要：

NiCo₂S₄是一种极具发展前景的钠离子电池(SIBs)负极材料。采用简单的一步法(混合和热处理)原位合成了锚定在N、S共掺杂还原氧化石墨烯上的纳米颗粒自组装的NiCo₂S₄亚微米球(NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO)。XPS表明了NiCo₂S₄与N,S-rGO之间存在电子转移，证实了NiCo₂S₄与N,S-rGO之间强的协同作用。纳米粒子自组装的NiCo₂S₄亚微米球有效地促进了离子的扩散，N,S-rGO优异的电学和力学性能不仅提高了电极的导电性，而且有效地缓冲了充/放电过程中NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO的体积变化。NiCo₂S₄/N,S-rGO作为SIBs的负极材料呈现出高可逆容量，优越的倍率性能和长期稳定性(在电流密度为0.5 A/g时循环130次后仍保持了396.7 mA·h/g的高比容量。即使在电流密度为2 A/g时，经过1000次循环后比容量仍保持在283.3 mA·h/g)。研究结果为高效负极材料的设计和合成提供了新的思路。

关键词: NiCo₂S₄亚微米球, N、S共掺杂还原氧化石墨烯, 纳米材料, 复合材料, 负极材料, 钠离子电池, 电化学