基于RPI模型的内燃机冷却水腔内数值模拟研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190498

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以欧拉两相流模型为基础，建立了适用于内燃机流动传热的RPI(Rensselaer polytechnic institute)过冷沸腾换热模型。并与Robinson的矩形通道试验结果进行了对比分析，验证了模型的适用性和计算精度。将此模型应用于实际内燃机缸盖及冷却水腔内的直接耦合传热计算，同时对单相流和两相流的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明：沸腾传热可以明显提高冷却水腔的换热效率，并降低鼻梁区等局部高温区域的温度；使用考虑沸腾的两相流模型进行计算模拟时，计算结果与试验结果的误差更小；欧拉两相流计算缸盖火力面测点温度误差相对于纯对流换热模型误差降低了1.78%。

关键词: 内燃机, 冷却水腔, 沸腾换热, 两相流, RPI

Abstract:

Based on the Euler two-phase flow model, a subcooled boiling heat transfer RPI (Rensselaer polytechnic institute) model of flow and heat transfer for internal combustion engines was established. Compared with the experimental results of Robinson’s rectangular channel, and the applicability and accuracy of the RPI model are verified. The model is applied to the calculation of direct coupled heat transfer in the cylinder head and cooling water jacket of an actual internal combustion engine, and the results of single-phase flow and two-phase flow are compared and analyzed. The results show that boiling heat transfer can obviously improve the heat transfer efficiency of cooling water jacket and reduce the high temperature of local area such as bridge passages, the error between calculation results and experiment results is smaller by using two-phase flow model considering boiling, and the error of measuring point temperature is reduced by 1.78% compared with that calculated by using convection heat transfer model.

Key words: internal combustion engine, cooling water jacket, boiling heat transfer, two-phase flow, RPI

中图分类号:

TK 421.1

董非, 苑天林, 武志伟, 倪捷. 基于RPI模型的内燃机冷却水腔内数值模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(S2): 250-257.

Fei DONG, Tianlin YUAN, Zhiwei WU, Jie NI. Numerical study of engine water jackets using RPI model[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S2): 250-257.

图/表 13

图1 缸盖鼻梁区位置流体流动区域示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of fluid flow area in bridge passages area of cylinder head

图2 试验段矩形水平通道模型

Fig.2 Rectangular horizontal channel model for test section

表1 计算工况下的参数值

Table 1 Parameter value under calculation conditions

工作压力p/MPa	入口流速V_inlet /(m/s)	加热壁面温度T_w/℃
0.1/0.2/0.3	0.25/1	90
		100
		108 110
		120
		128
		135
		142
		150
		160

图3 不同工作压力和加热壁面温度下模拟值与试验值对比

Fig.3 Comparison of simulated and experimental values under different working pressures and heating wall temperatures

表2 柴油机主要技术参数

Table 2 Main technical parameters of diesel engine

参数	数值
柴油机型式	直列、增压、水冷、直喷式
汽缸直径/mm	95
活塞行程/mm	115
压缩比	18
总排量/L	3.26
额定功率/kW	72
标定转速/(r/min)	2600

图4 缸盖火力面温度测点布置示意图

Fig.4 Measuring point arrangement of cylinder head fire-face

图5 第一缸硬度塞测点局部实物图

Fig.5 Local physical drawing of hardness plug measuring point of the first cylinder

图6 缸盖水腔计算网格

Fig.6 Cylinder head cavity computing grid

表3 气缸盖边界条件

Table 3 Cylinder head boundary conditions

位置	平均环境温度/K	平均传热系数/(W/(m²·K))
火力面	1048	1100
进气道	335	250
排气道	795	350
缸盖外壁面	310	20
水腔壁面	Interface实时数据交换	Interface实时数据交换

图7 缸盖水腔流固交界面温度分布

Fig.7 Temperature distribution at fluid-solid interface of cylinder head cavity

图8 缸盖水腔内气泡体积分数分布

Fig.8 Bubble volume fraction distribution in water cavity of cylinder head

图9 缸盖水腔内流线分布

Fig.9 Streamline distribution in water cavity of cylinder head

表4 标定工况下缸盖温度测量值与模拟计算值对比

Table 4 Comparisons between measured and simulated values of cylinder head temperature under calibration conditions

测点位置	测量温度/K	仿真温度/K		相对误差/%
测点位置	测量温度/K	RPI	纯对流	RPI	纯对流
1	259	256	234	1.16	9.65
2	282	283	259	0.35	8.16
3	273	270	259	1.1	5.13
4	278	291	271	4.68	2.52
5	289	286	272	1.04	5.88
6	266	284	259	6.77	2.63
7	270	291	271	7.78	0.37
8	288	292	272	1.39	5.56
9	282	284	258	0.71	8.51
10	281	285	273	1.42	2.85
11	273	258	242	5.49	11.36
12	274	286	261	4.38	4.74
13	267	271	263	1.5	1.5
14	307	288	279	6.19	9.12
15	298	296	274	0.67	8.05
16	248	262	243	5.65	2.02
17	269	286	264	6.32	1.86
18	276	293	275	6.16	0.36
19	301	293	274	2.66	8.97
20	-241	284	259	17.84	7.47

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