低流量下等高差自然循环系统倒流现象实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190407

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然循环系统由于具有固有安全性而被广泛应用于核电站中。等高差自然循环系统是一种特殊的系统，其加热段与水箱之间是通过上下水平段连接。在低流量条件下，这类自然循环系统会发生水箱冷水倒流至上水平段的现象，目前对该现象的研究并不常见。对等高度差自然循环系统的上水平段倒流特性进行了可视化实验研究。实验结果表明，上水平段倒流长度随流量的增加而减小，随着加热段出口流体与倒流流体温差的增大而增加。研究发现，上水平段倒流现象主要受加热段出口流体惯性力和与倒流流体形成的浮升力共同影响，并且倒流现象的发生可以通过Richardson数来判定。

关键词: 流动, 热传导, 流体动力学, 等高差自然循环, 可视化, 倒流现象, Richardson数

Abstract:

Natural circulation systems are widely used in nuclear power plants due to their inherent safety. Natural circulation system with equal height different is a special system, because its heating section and water tank are connected by upper and lower horizontal loops. However, the phenomenon that the water in water tank reversely flows to the upper horizontal loop will be occurred in this kind of natural circulation system under low flow rate conditions. The studies of this phenomenon are not common. The reverse flow characteristics of upper horizontal loop is researched by visualization experiments. The results show that the reverse flow length in the upper horizontal loop decreases with the increase of flow rate, and increases with the increase of temperature difference between the outlet fluid of heater and the reverse flow fluid form water tank. It is found that the reverse flow in the upper horizontal loop is mainly affected by the inertia force of the hot water and the buoyancy force formed by the hot water and the reverse flow fluid. In addition, the reverse flow phenomenon in the upper horizontal loop can be judged by Richardson number.

Key words: flow, heat conduction, hydrodynamics, equal height difference natural circulation, visualization, reverse flow phenomenon, Richardson number

中图分类号:

TK 124

孙建闯, 曹夏昕, 冉旭, 张卓华, 米争鹏, 丁铭. 低流量下等高差自然循环系统倒流现象实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(11): 4231-4237.

Jianchuang SUN, Xiaxin CAO, Xu RAN, Zhuohua ZHANG, Zhengpeng MI, Ming DING. Experimental research on reverse flow phenomenon in natural circulation with equal height difference under low flow rate[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(11): 4231-4237.

图/表 10

图1 等高差自然循环系统

Fig.1 Natural circulation system with equal height difference

表1 实验装置几何尺寸

Table 1 Geometric dimensions of experimental equipment

参数	数值/m
上水平段长度,L_u	1.92
可视化管直径,D	0.05
水箱液位,h	0.5
热电偶间距,d	0.3
水箱长度,L	2.0
水箱宽度,W	2.0
水箱高度,H	3.0

图2 三点式热点偶结构示意图

Fig.2 Structural sketch of three-point thermocouple

图3 40 kW不同流量下可视化水平段内流体温度分布

Fig.3 Fluid temperature distribution in visualization horizontal loop under different flow rates at 40 kW

图4 40 kW不同流量下可视化水平段流动状态

Fig.4 Flow states in visualization horizontal loop under different flow rates at 40 kW

图5 50 kW不同流量下可视化水平段内流体温度分布

Fig.5 Fluid temperature distribution in visualization horizontal loop under different flow rates at 50 kW

图6 50 kW不同流量下可视化水平段流动状态

Fig.6 Flow states in visualization horizontal loop under different flow rates at 50 kW

图7 42 kW不同温差ΔT下可视化水平段内流体温度分布

Fig.7 Fluid temperature distribution in visualization horizontal loop under different temperature differences at 42 kW

图8 实验及CFD数值模拟结果

Fig.8 Results of experiment and CFD simulation

图9 不同功率水平下各工况Richardson数分布

Fig.9 Richardson number distribution at different powers

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