化工学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (1): 397-408.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20191249
收稿日期:
2019-10-23
修回日期:
2019-11-15
出版日期:
2020-01-05
发布日期:
2020-01-05
通讯作者:
黄建花
作者简介:
陈克龙(1993—),男,硕士研究生,基金资助:
Received:
2019-10-23
Revised:
2019-11-15
Online:
2020-01-05
Published:
2020-01-05
Contact:
Jianhua HUANG
摘要:
光生电子-空穴对的快速复合是导致半导体光催化剂性能不佳的重要因素之一,构建异质结是分离光生电子-空穴对的有效方法。结合热缩合和两步水热反应构建了g-C3N4-CdS-NiS2复合纳米管,并进一步研究了在可见光照射下不同CdS含量的g-C3N4-CdS-NiS2分解水制氢的光催化性能。结果表明,当CdS含量为10%(质量)时,三元复合物的产氢速率最高(50.9 μmol·h-1),是纯g-C3N4纳米管的25倍,是g-C3N4-CdS和g-C3N4-NiS2二元复合物的11倍。而且,经过五次循环光催化反应后,产氢速率保持不变。光催化制氢性能的提高主要源于g-C3N4、CdS与NiS2形成的异质结促进光生电子和空穴的迁移及电子-空穴对的分离。
中图分类号:
陈克龙, 黄建花. g-C3N4-CdS-NiS2复合纳米管的制备及可见光催化分解水制氢[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(1): 397-408.
Kelong CHEN, Jianhua HUANG. g-C3N4-CdS-NiS2 composite nanotube: synthesis and its photocatalytic activity for H2 generation under visible light[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(1): 397-408.
图2 CdS、g-C3N4、g-C3N4-0.1CdS、g-C3N4-NiS2和g-C3N4-xCdS-NiS2复合物的XRD谱图
Fig.2 XRD patterns of as-prepared CdS, g-C3N4, g-C3N4-0.1CdS, g-C3N4-NiS2 and g-C3N4-xCdS-NiS2 composites
图3 g-C3N4 (a)、CdS (b)和g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 (c)的SEM图;g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2的EDS能谱图(d)和元素映射图(e)
Fig.3 SEM images of g-C3N4 (a), CdS (b) and g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 (c); EDS (d) and elemental mapping (e) image of g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2
图5 g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2的XPS谱图:全谱(a);C 1s (b);N 1s (c);Cd 3d (d);Ni 2p (e)和S 2p (f)的区域谱
Fig.5 XPS spectra of g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 composite: survey (a); C 1s (b); N 1s (c); Cd 3d (d); Ni 2p (e); and S 2p (f)
图6 g-C3N4、g-C3N4-0.1CdS和g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2的氮气吸附-脱附等温线(插图为孔径分布曲线)
Fig.6 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of g-C3N4, g-C3N4-0.1CdS and g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 (inset: distribution of pore size)
光催化剂 | SBET/(m2·g-1) | 平均孔径/nm | 孔体积/(cm3·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|
g-C3N4 | 77.9 | 19.5 | 0.397 |
g-C3N4-0.1CdS | 73.8 | 18.8 | 0.368 |
g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 | 47.1 | 16.8 | 0.247 |
表1 g-C3N4、g-C3N4-0.1CdS和g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2的孔结构参数
Table 1 Pore structure parameters of g-C3N4, g-C3N4-0.1CdS and g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2
光催化剂 | SBET/(m2·g-1) | 平均孔径/nm | 孔体积/(cm3·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|
g-C3N4 | 77.9 | 19.5 | 0.397 |
g-C3N4-0.1CdS | 73.8 | 18.8 | 0.368 |
g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 | 47.1 | 16.8 | 0.247 |
图7 g-C3N4、CdS、NiS2、g-C3N4-0.1CdS、g-C3N4-NiS2和g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2的紫外-可见DRS图(a);g-C3N4和CdS的(αhν)2-hν的Tauc图(b)
Fig.7 UV-vis DRS of g-C3N4, CdS, NiS2, g-C3N4-0.1CdS, g-C3N4-NiS2 and g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 (a); Tauc plots of (αhν)2-hν for g-C3N4 and CdS (b)
光催化剂 | 助催化剂 | 氙灯功率,波长 | 催化剂用量/mg | 性能/(μmol·h-1) | 稳定性 | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g-C3N4 纳米管/CdS | NiS2 | 300 W,λ>420 nm | 50 | 50.9 | 25 h/100% | this work |
CdS 纳米棒/g-C3N4 纳米片 | NiS | 300W,λ>420 nm | 50 | 128 | 12 h/80% | [ |
CdS 纳米棒/g-C3N4 纳米片 | CoP | 300 W,λ>400 nm | 5 | 118 | 20 h/100% | [ |
块体g-C3N4 /CdS量子点 | Pt | 300 W,λ>400 nm | 100 | 17.3 | 30 h/100% | [ |
CdS/g-C3N4 | CuS | 350 W,λ>400 nm | 50 | 57.6 | - | [ |
g-C3N4纳米片/CdS量子点 | WS2 | 300 W,λ>420 nm | 10 | 11.7 | 20 h/90% | [ |
g-C3N4纳米片/炭黑 | NiS | 300 W,λ>420 nm | 50 | 18.3 | 12 h/90% | [ |
CdS/碳量子点 | NiS | 350 W,λ>420 nm | 100 | 144.5 | 15 h/100% | [ |
表2 g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2与部分文献报道的复合光催化剂的产氢速率比较
Table 2 Comparison of H2 production rate between g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 and some reported composite photocatalysts
光催化剂 | 助催化剂 | 氙灯功率,波长 | 催化剂用量/mg | 性能/(μmol·h-1) | 稳定性 | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g-C3N4 纳米管/CdS | NiS2 | 300 W,λ>420 nm | 50 | 50.9 | 25 h/100% | this work |
CdS 纳米棒/g-C3N4 纳米片 | NiS | 300W,λ>420 nm | 50 | 128 | 12 h/80% | [ |
CdS 纳米棒/g-C3N4 纳米片 | CoP | 300 W,λ>400 nm | 5 | 118 | 20 h/100% | [ |
块体g-C3N4 /CdS量子点 | Pt | 300 W,λ>400 nm | 100 | 17.3 | 30 h/100% | [ |
CdS/g-C3N4 | CuS | 350 W,λ>400 nm | 50 | 57.6 | - | [ |
g-C3N4纳米片/CdS量子点 | WS2 | 300 W,λ>420 nm | 10 | 11.7 | 20 h/90% | [ |
g-C3N4纳米片/炭黑 | NiS | 300 W,λ>420 nm | 50 | 18.3 | 12 h/90% | [ |
CdS/碳量子点 | NiS | 350 W,λ>420 nm | 100 | 144.5 | 15 h/100% | [ |
图9 g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2的光催化产氢循环实验结果(a);g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2光催化产氢循环实验前后的XRD谱图(b)和SEM图(c,d)
Fig.9 Cyclic photocatalytic H2 evolution over g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 (a), XRD patterns (b) and SEM images (c, d) of g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2 before and after cyclic H2 generation
图11 g-C3N4、g-C3N4-0.1CdS、g-C3N4-NiS2和g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2的瞬态光电流响应(a)和EIS Nyquist图(b)
Fig.11 Transient photocurrent response (a) and EIS Nyquist plot (b) of pure g-C3N4, g-C3N4-0.1CdS, g-C3N4-NiS2 and g-C3N4-0.1CdS-NiS2
图12 g-C3N4 (a)和CdS (b)的Mott-Schottky图 (插图为CB和VB能级示意图)
Fig.12 Mott-Schottky plot for g-C3N4 (a) and CdS (b) (inset: energy diagram of CB and VB levels)
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