超疏水多孔材料的研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191305

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔材料如金属有机框架材料（MOFs）、共价有机框架材料（COFs）、有机多孔聚合物（POPs）等由于构筑单元的多样性、可设计性，孔道的可调控性和功能化，已经被广泛用于分离、催化、气体储存以及药物释放等领域。尽管如此，这些多孔材料固有的结构特征让它们普遍对水气非常敏感，最严重时多孔结构在水溶液环境下会坍塌。为解决此类问题，制备疏水的多孔材料是一个非常好的策略。然而，设计超疏水多孔材料具有一定的挑战。介绍了具有（超）疏水性能的MOFs、COFs和POPs的发展现状，对超疏水多孔材料合成思路和结构特点进行了分析，对这类材料在催化、油水分离、气体吸附和分离等方面的应用进行了总结，并进一步探讨了此类材料存在的问题和发展方向。

关键词: 超疏水, 多孔材料, 催化, 吸收, 分离

Abstract:

Porous materials such as metal organic framework materials (MOFs), covalent organic framework materials (COFs), organic porous polymers (POPs), etc., have been used widely used in the fields of separation, catalysis, gas storage and drug release due to their diversity, designability, controllability and functionalization of pores. Despite these promising applications, some of the porous materials suffer from moisture-sensitivity and instability in aqueous media due to their inherent structural features. To overcome this problem, endowing them with hydrophobicity is an effective strategy. However, designing superhydrophobic porous materials has certain challenges. In this work, the progress of MOFs, COFs and POPs with (super-)hydrophobic property is introduced. Issues related to their design strategy, structures, and practical applications such as catalysis, oil/water separation and gas storage and separation were analyzed. Additionally, the current problems and the future research directions of the hydrophobic porous materials were discussed.

Key words: superhydrophobicity, porous materials, catalysis, absorption, separation

中图分类号:

TB 383

陈立, 周才龙, 杜京城, 周威, 谭陆西, 董立春. 超疏水多孔材料的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(10): 4502-4519.

Li CHEN, Cailong ZHOU, Jingcheng DU, Wei ZHOU, Luxi TAN, Lichun DONG. Progress of superhydrophobic porous materials[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(10): 4502-4519.

图/表 2

参考文献 87

1	Slater A G, Cooper A I. Function-led design of new porous materials[J]. Science, 2015, 348: aaa8075.
2	崔希利, 邢华斌. 金属有机框架材料分离低碳烃的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(6): 2339-2352.
	Cui X L, Xing H B. Separation of light hydrocarbons with metal-organic frameworks[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(6): 2339-2352.
3	Cooper A I. Conjugated microporous polymers[J]. Adv. Mater., 2009, 21(12): 1291-1295.
4	Luo Y, Li B, Wang W, et al. Hypercrosslinked aromatic heterocyclic microporous polymers: a new class of highly selective CO₂ capturing materials[J]. Adv. Mater., 2012, 24(42): 5703-5707.
5	Du N, Park H B, Dal-Cin M M, et al. Advances in high permeability polymeric membrane materials for CO₂ separations[J]. Energ. Environ. Sci., 2012, 5(6): 7306-7322.
6	Côté A P, Benin A I, Ockwig N W, et al. Porous, crystalline, covalent organic frameworks[J]. Science, 2005, 310: 1166-1170.
7	Fan H, Mundstock A, Feldhoff A, et al. Covalent organic framework-covalent organic framework bilayer membranes for highly selective gas separation[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140: 10094-10098.
8	Jiang Y, Liu C, Li Y, et al. Stainless-steel-net-supported superhydrophobic COF coating for oil/water separation[J]. J. Membr. Sci., 2019, 587: 117177.
9	Fang Q, Wang J, Gu S, et al. 3D porous crystalline polyimide covalent organic frameworks for drug delivery[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015, 137(26): 8352-8355.
10	Xu H S, Ding S Y, An W K, et al. Constructing crystalline covalent organic frameworks from chiral building blocks[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138(36): 11489-11492.
11	Xu F, Yang S, Jiang G, et al. Fluorinated, sulfur-rich, covalent triazine frameworks for enhanced confinement of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9(3): 37731-37738.
12	Park K S, Ni Z, Cote A P, et al. From the cover: exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate framework[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103(27): 10186-10191.
13	Moghadam P Z, Ivy J F, Arvapally R K, et al. Adsorption and molecular siting of CO₂, water, and other gases in the superhydrophobic, flexible pores of FMOF-1 from experiment and simulation[J]. Chem. Sci., 2017, 8(5): 3989-4000.
14	曾新娟, 王丽, 皮丕辉,等. 特殊润湿性油水分离材料的开发与研究[J]. 化学进展, 2018, 30: 73-86.
	Zeng X J, Wang L, Pi P H, et al. Development and research of special wettability materials for oil/water separation[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2018, 30: 73-86.
15	Young T. An essay on the cohesion of fluids[J]. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 1805, 95: 65-87.
16	Wenzel R N. Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water[J]. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1936, 28(8): 988-994.
17	Cassie A B D, Baxter S. Wettability of porous surfaces[J]. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1944, 40(1): 546-551.
18	Wang S T, Jiang L. Definition of superhydrophobic states[J]. Adv. Mater., 2007, 19(21): 3423-3424.
19	Mehran G, Fugen D, Elena P I, et al. Bio-inspired sustainable and durable superhydrophobic materials: from nature to market[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7: 16643-16670.
20	Darmanin T, Givenchy E T, Amigoni S, et al. Superhydrophobic surfaces by electrochemical processes[J]. Adv. Mater., 2013, 25: 1378-1394.
21	Barthlott W, Neinhuis C. Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces[J]. Planta, 1997, 202(1): 1-8.
22	Koch K, Bhushan B, Barthlott W. Multifunctional surface structures of plants: an inspiration for biomimetics[J]. Prog. Mater. Sci., 2009, 54(2): 137-178.
23	Si Y F, Guo Z G. Superhydrophobic nanocoatings: from materials to fabrications and to applications[J]. Nanoscale, 2015, 7: 5922-5946.
24	Shin S, Seo J, Han H, et al. Bio-inspired extreme wetting surfaces for biomedical applications[J]. Materials, 2016, 9(2): 116.
25	Tsutomu M. Advanced sol-gel coatings for practical applications[J]. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2013, 65: 4-11.
26	Vazirinasab E, Jafari R, Momen G. Application of superhydrophobic coatings as a corrosion barrier: a review[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2018, 341(15): 40-56.
27	Zhang X, Shi F, Niu J, et al. Superhydrophobic surfaces: from structural control to functional application[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2008, 18(6): 621-633.
28	Li L X, Li B C, Dong J, et al. Roles of silanes and silicones in forming superhydrophobic and superoleophobic materials[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4(36): 13677-13725.
29	Tian Y, Su B, Jiang L, et al. Interfacial material system exhibiting superwettability[J]. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26: 6872-6897.
30	Chu Z L, Feng Y J, Seeger S F. Oil/water separation with selective superantiwetting/superwetting surface materials[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015, 54(8): 2328-2338.
31	刘光启, 马连湘, 刘杰. 化学化工物性数据手册(有机卷)[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2001.
	Liu G Q, Ma L X, Liu J. Chemical and Chemical Physical Property Data Book [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2001.
32	Brown P S, Bhushan B. Designing bioinspired superoleophobic surfaces[J]. APL Mater., 2016, 4(1): 015703.
33	Milionis A, Bayer I S, Loth E. Recent advances in oil-repellent surfaces[J]. Int. Mater. Rev., 2016, 61(2): 101-126
34	Nishino T, Meguro M, Nakamae K, et al. The lowest surface free energy based on -CF₃ alignment[J]. Langmuir, 1999, 15(13): 4321-4323.
35	Yang C, Wang X P, Omary M A. Fluorous metal-organic frameworks for high-density gas adsorption[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129(50): 15454-15455.
36	Yang C, Kaipa U, Zhang Q, et al. Mather fluorous metal organic frameworks with superior adsorption and hydrophobic properties toward oil spill cleanup and hydrocarbon storage[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133(45): 18094-18097.
37	Jiang Z R, Ge J, Zhou Y X, et al. Coating sponge with a hydrophobic porous coordination polymer containing a low-energy CF₃-decorated surface for continuous pumping recovery of an oil spill from water[J]. NPG Asia Mater., 2016, 8: e253.
38	Padial N M, Procopio E Q, Montoro C, et al. Highly hydrophobic isoreticular porous metal-organic frameworks for the capture of harmful volatile organic compounds[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52: 8290-8294.
39	Mukherjee S, Kansara A M, Saha D, et al. An ultrahydrophobic fluorous metal-organic framework derived recyclable composite as a promising platform to tackle marine oil spills[J]. Chem. Eur. J., 2016, 22: 10937-10943.
40	Chen T H, Popov I, Zenasni O, et al. Superhydrophobic perfluorinated metal-organic frameworks[J]. Chem. Commun., 2013, 49: 6846-6848.
41	Liu C, Huang A S. One-step synthesis of the superhydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework F-ZIF-90 for efficient removal of oil[J]. New J. Chem., 2018, 42(4): 2372-2375.
42	Moghadam P Z, Ivy J F, Arvapally R K, et al. Adsorption and molecular siting of CO₂, water, and other gases in the superhydrophobic, flexible pores of FMOF-1 from experiment and simulation[J]. Chem. Sci., 2017, 8(5): 3989-4000.
43	Noro S I, Nakamura T. Fluorine-functionalized metal-organic frameworks and porous coordination polymers[J]. NPG Asia Mater., 2017, 9(9): e433.
44	Wang B, Lv X L, Feng D, et al. Highly stable Zr(Ⅳ)-based metal-organic frameworks for the detection and removal of antibiotics and organic explosives in water[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138(19): 6204-6216.
45	Makal T A, Wang X, Zhou H C. Tuning the moisture and thermal stability of metal-organic frameworks through incorporation of pendant hydrophobic groups[J]. Cryst. Growth Des., 2013, 13(11): 4760-4768.
46	Roy S, Suresh V M, Maji T K, et, al. Self-cleaning MOF: realization of extreme water repellence in coordination driven self-assembled nanostructures[J]. Chem. Sci., 2016, 7(3): 2251-2256.
47	Zhu N X, Wei Z W, Chen C X, et al. Self-generation of surface roughness by low-surface-energy alkyl chains for highly stable superhydrophobic/superoleophilic MOFs with multiple functionalities[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2019, 58: 17033-17040.
48	Zhang M H, Xin X L, Xiao Z Y, et al. A multi-aromatic hydrocarbon unit induced hydrophobic metal-organic framework for efficient C₂/C₁ hydrocarbon and oil/water separation[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5(3): 1168-1175.
49	Zhang M H, Guo B B, Feng Y, et al. Amphipathic pentiptycene-based water-resistant Cu-MOF for efficient oil/water separation[J]. Inorg. Chem., 2019, 58(9): 5384-5387.
50	Xie L H, Liu X M, He T, et al. Metal-organic frameworks for the capture of trace aromatic volatile organic compounds[J]. Chem, 2018, 4(8): 1911-1927.
51	Nguyen J G, Cohen S M. Moisture-resistant and superhydrophobic metal-organic frameworks obtained via postsynthetic modification[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132(13): 4560-4561.
52	Eom S, Kang D W, Kang M J, et al. Fine-tuning of wettability in a single metal-organic framework via post coordination modification and its reduced graphene oxide aerogel for oil-water separation[J]. Chem. Sci., 2019, 10(9): 2663-2669.
53	Canivet J, Aguado S, Daniel C, et al. Engineering the environment of a catalytic metal-organic framework by postsynthetic hydrophobization[J]. ChemCatChem, 2011, 3(4): 675- 678.
54	Liu C Y, Liu Q, Huang A S. A superhydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-90) with high steam stability for efficient recovery of bioalcohols[J]. Chem. Commun., 2016, 52: 3400-3402.
55	Zhang H F, Li M, Wang X Z, et al. Fine-tuning metal-organic framework performances by spatially-differentiated postsynthetic modification[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6: 4260-4265.
56	Sun Q, He H M, Gao W Y, et al. Imparting amphiphobicity on single-crystalline porous materials[J]. Nat. Commun., 2016, 7: 13300.
57	Zha Q J, Sang X X, Liu D Y, et al. Modification of hydrophilic amine-functionalized metal-organic frameworks to hydrophobic for dye adsorption[J]. J. Solid State Chem., 2019, 27: 523-29.
58	Yang S L, Peng L, Sun D T, et al. A new post-synthetic polymerization strategy makes metal-organic frameworks more stable[J]. Chem. Sci., 2019, 10(17): 4542-4549.
59	Zhang W, Hu Y L, Ge J, et al. A facile and general coating approach to moisture/water-resistant metal-organic frameworks with intact porosity[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136(49): 16978-16981.
60	Yim C Y, Jeon S M. Direct synthesis of Cu-BDC frameworks on a quartz crystal microresonator and their application to studies of n-hexane adsorption[J]. RSC Adv., 2015, 5: 67454-67458.
61	Meng W, Feng Z J, Li F, et al. Porous coordination polymer coatings fabricated from Cu₃(BTC)₂∙3H₂O with excellent superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties[J]. New J. Chem., 2016, 40(12): 10554-10559.
62	Kang Z X, Wang S S, Fan L L, et al. Surface wettability switching of metal-organic framework mesh for oil-water separation[J]. Mater. Lett., 2017, 189: 82-85.
63	Qian X K, Sun F X, Sun J, et al. Imparting surface hydrophobicity to metal-organic frameworks using a facile solution-immersion process to enhance water stability for CO₂ capture[J]. Nanoscale, 2017, 9(5): 2003-2008.
64	Wen G, Guo Z G. Facile modification of NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) to enhance water stability for efficient adsorptive removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution[J]. Colloids Surf. A, 2018, 541: 58-67.
65	Du J C, Zhang C Y, Pu H, et al. HKUST-1 MOFs decorated 3D copper foam with superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity for durable oil/water separation[J]. Colloids Surf. A, 2019, 573: 222-229.
66	Su P C, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. Distillation of alcohol/water solution in hybrid metal-organic framework hollow fibers[J]. AIChE J., 2019, 65(9): e16693.
67	Yuan S S, Zhu J Y, Li Y, et al. Structure architecture of micro/nanoscale ZIF-L on a 3D printed membrane for a superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic surface[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7(6): 2723-2729.
68	Jayaramulu K, Datta K K R, Rösler C, et al. Biomimetic superhydrophobic/superoleophilic highly fluorinated graphene oxide and ZIF-8 composites for oil-water separation[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2016, 55(3): 1178-1182.
69	Mullangi D, Shalini S, Nandi S, et al. Super-hydrophobic covalent organic frameworks for chemical resistant coatings and hydrophobic paper and textile composites[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5(18): 8376-8384.
70	Ge Y, Zhou H, Ji Y, et al. Understanding water adsorption and the impact on CO₂ capture in chemically stable covalent organic frameworks[J]. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122(48): 27495-27506.
71	Zhao Y, Yao K X, Teng B, et al. A perfluorinated covalent triazine-based framework for highly selective and water-tolerant CO₂ capture[J]. Energ. Environ. Sci., 2013, 6(12): 3684-3692.
72	Wang G B, Leus K, Jena H S, et al. A fluorine-containing hydrophobic covalent triazine framework with excellent selective CO₂ capture performance[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6(15): 6370-6375.
73	Sun Q, Aguila B, Perman J A, et al. Integrating superwettability within covalent organic frameworks for functional coating[J]. Chem, 2018, 4(7): 1726-1739.
74	Li X, Zhang C, Cai S, et al. Facile transformation of imine covalent organic frameworks into ultrastable crystalline porous aromatic frameworks[J]. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9(1): 2998.
75	Nandi S, Werner-Zwanziger U, Vaidhyanathan R. A triazine-resorcinol based porous polymer with polar pores and exceptional surface hydrophobicity showing CO₂ uptake under humid conditions[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3: 21116-21122.
76	Yan Z J, Ren H, Ma H P, et al. Construction and sorption properties of pyrene-based porous aromatic frameworks[J]. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2013, 173: 92-98.
77	Shi Q, Sun H X, Yang R X, et al. Synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers for gas storage and selective adsorption[J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2015, 50: 6388-6394.
78	Jiao R, Bao L L, Zhang W L, et al. Synthesis of aminopyridine-containing conjugated microporous polymers with excellent superhydrophobicity for oil/water separation[J]. New J. Chem., 2018, 42(18): 14863-14869.
79	Li X, Guo J W, Tong R, et al. Microporous frameworks based on adamantane building blocks: synthesis, porosity, selective adsorption and functional application[J]. React. Funct. Polym., 2018, 130: 126-132.
80	Dey D, Banerjee P. Toxic organic solvent adsorption by a hydrophobic covalent polymer[J]. New J. Chem., 2019, 43(9): 3769-3777.
81	Dey D, Murmu N C, Banerjee P. Tailor-made synthesis of an melamine-based aminal hydrophobic polymer for selective adsorption of toxic organic pollutants: an initiative towards wastewater purification[J]. RSC Adv., 2019, 9(13): 7469-7478.
82	Wang X S, Liu J, Bonefont J M, et al. A porous covalent porphyrin framework with exceptional uptake capacity of saturated hydrocarbons for oil spill cleanup[J]. Chem. Commun., 2013, 49(15): 1533-1535.
83	Xiao Z Y, Zhang M H, Fan W D, et al. Highly efficient oil/water separation and trace organic contaminants removal based on superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymer coated devices[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2017, 326: 640-646.
84	Mu P, Sun H X, Zang J K, et al. Facile tunning the morphology and porosity of a superwetting conjugated microporous polymers[J]. React. Funct. Polym., 2016, 106: 105-111.
85	Sun Q, Aguila B, Verma G, et al. Superhydrophobicity: constructing homogeneous catalysts into superhydrophobic porous frameworks to protect them from hydrolytic degradation[J]. Chem, 2016, 1(4): 628-639.
86	Tang Y Q, Dong K, Wang S, et al. Boosting the hydrolytic stability of phosphite ligand in hydroformylation by the construction of superhydrophobic porous framework[J]. Mol. Catal., 2019, 474: 110408.
87	Luo R C, Chen Y J, He Q, et al. Metallosalen-based ionic porous polymers as bifunctional catalysts for the conversion of CO₂ into valuable chemicals[J]. ChemSusChem, 2017, 10(7): 1526-1533.

[1]	黄琮琪, 吴一梅, 陈建业, 邵双全. 碱性电解水制氢装置热管理系统仿真研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 320-328.
[2]	金正浩, 封立杰, 李舒宏. 氨水溶液交叉型再吸收式热泵的能量及分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 53-63.
[3]	苏伟, 马东旭, 金旭, 刘忠彦, 张小松. 表面润湿性对霜层传递特性影响可视化实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 122-131.
[4]	范孝雄, 郝丽芳, 范垂钢, 李松庚. LaMnO₃/生物炭催化剂低温NH₃-SCR催化脱硝性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3821-3830.
[5]	赵亚欣, 张雪芹, 王荣柱, 孙国, 姚善泾, 林东强. 流穿模式离子交换层析去除单抗聚集体[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3879-3887.
[6]	米泽豪, 花儿. 基于DFT和COSMO-RS理论研究多元胺型离子液体吸收SO₂气体[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3681-3696.
[7]	李艺彤, 郭航, 陈浩, 叶芳. 催化剂非均匀分布的质子交换膜燃料电池操作条件研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3831-3840.
[8]	吴雷, 刘姣, 李长聪, 周军, 叶干, 刘田田, 朱瑞玉, 张秋利, 宋永辉. 低阶粉煤催化微波热解制备含碳纳米管的高附加值改性兰炭末[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3956-3967.
[9]	程业品, 胡达清, 徐奕莎, 刘华彦, 卢晗锋, 崔国凯. 离子液体基低共熔溶剂在转化CO₂中的应用[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3640-3653.
[10]	陈杰, 林永胜, 肖恺, 杨臣, 邱挺. 胆碱基碱性离子液体催化合成仲丁醇性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3716-3730.
[11]	杨学金, 杨金涛, 宁平, 王访, 宋晓双, 贾丽娟, 冯嘉予. 剧毒气体PH₃的干法净化技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3742-3755.
[12]	刘爽, 张霖宙, 许志明, 赵锁奇. 渣油及其组分黏度的分子层次组成关联研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3226-3241.
[13]	张佳怡, 何佳莉, 谢江鹏, 王健, 赵鹬, 张栋强. 渗透汽化技术用于锂电池生产中N-甲基吡咯烷酮回收的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3203-3215.
[14]	张瑞航, 曹潘, 杨锋, 李昆, 肖朋, 邓春, 刘蓓, 孙长宇, 陈光进. ZIF-8纳米流体天然气乙烷回收工艺的产品纯度关键影响因素分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3386-3393.
[15]	胡兴枝, 张皓焱, 庄境坤, 范雨晴, 张开银, 向军. 嵌有超小CeO₂纳米粒子的碳纳米纤维的制备及其吸波性能[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3584-3596.