绝热状态下板壳式换热器壳侧的流型与压降

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

实验研究了板壳式换热器波纹通道内垂直向上气-液两相流动的流型和压降特性，讨论了圆形波纹通道内流型特征及转变机理，根据相界面形态特征将流型划分为泡状流、弹状流、膜状流和搅混流；同时分析了流型与压降之间的关系，发现泡状流中的压降波动幅值最小，弹状流与膜状流次之，搅混流中压降波动幅值最大；获得了波纹通道内单相以及气-液两相压降的分布规律，拟合了单相压降关联式，并基于Lockhart-Martinelli理论，通过分析两相摩阻系数与Martinelli参数的关系拟合了波纹通道内两相流动压降关联式，发现Chisholm参数C的值与Chisholm最初建议的光滑管内层流-层流的值接近。

关键词: 气液两相流, 微通道, 流型转变, 板壳式换热器, 垂直向上流动

Abstract:

The heat exchanger is one of the main equipment in the field of petroleum, chemical industry, nuclear energy and other industrial applications. The development of an efficient heat exchanger can effectively improve the energy utilization rate, which is an important way to solve the energy and environmental problems. Shell and plate heat exchanger is a new type of heat exchanger; it combines the advantages of shell and tube heat exchanger and plate heat exchanger. It has high heat transfer efficiency, high temperature and pressure resistance, compact structure and light weight, and makes up for the uneven stress distribution of plate heat exchanger. At present, there are few literature reports on the flow pattern and pressure drop characteristics of gas-water two-phase flow in the shell and plate heat exchanger. In this paper, the flow pattern and pressure drop of the vertical upward gas-liquid two-phase flow in the shell and plate heat exchanger are experimentally studied. The macro distribution characteristics of the vertical upward gas-water two-phase flow interface in the shell and plate heat exchanger are obtained by high-speed camera technology. The flow pattern is divided into bubbly flow, slug flow, film flow and churn flow according to the morphological characteristics of the phase interface; at the same time, the relationship between flow pattern and pressure drop is analyzed, and it is found that the amplitude of pressure drop fluctuation in bubble flow is the smallest, followed by the slug flow and the film flow, and the amplitude of pressure drop fluctuation in the agitated flow is the largest; based on Lockhart-Martinelli theory, the prediction model of two-phase flow pressure drop in the shell and plate heat exchanger is established by analyzing the relationship between two-phase multiplier and Martinelli parameter, it is found that the value of Chisholm parameter C is close to the value of Chisholm's original laminar-laminar flow in smooth tube.

Key words: gas-liquid flow, microchannels, flow pattern transition, shell and plate heat exchanger, vertical upward flow

中图分类号:

O 359.1

吴鹏飞, 王科, 赵珏. 绝热状态下板壳式换热器壳侧的流型与压降[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3042-3049.

Pengfei WU, Ke WANG, Jue ZHAO. Flow pattern and pressure drop on shell side of shell and plate heat exchanger under adiabatic state[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(7): 3042-3049.

图/表 13

图1 实验系统1—空气压缩机；2—气体减压阀；3—球阀；4—空气流量计；５—液体流量计；6—调节阀；7—气液混合器；8—可视化实验段；9—储液罐；10—离心泵

Fig.1 Experimental system

图2 板片几何结构

Fig.2 Plate geometry

表1 板片参数

Table1 Plate parameters

板片直径D/mm	角孔直径d/mm	表面扩张因子	波纹节距P_c/mm	角孔距离L_P/mm	波纹夹角φ/（°）	波纹高度b/mm	水力直径D_h/mm
454	80	1.16	8.8	344	75	2.2	4.4

图3 拍摄区域与气液相的识别

Fig.3 Shooting area and gas-liquid identification

图4 泡状流(USL=0.025 m/s，USG=0.5 m/s)

Fig.4 Bubbly flow(USL=0.025 m/s，USG=0.5 m/s)

图5 弹状流(USL=0.05 m/s，USG=1.5 m/s)

Fig.5 Slug flow(USL=0.05 m/s，USG=1.5 m/s)

图6 膜状流(USL=0.075 m/s，USG=5.0 m/s)

Fig.6 Film flow(USL=0.075 m/s，USG=5.0 m/s)

图7 搅混流(USL=0.175 m/s，USG=5.0 m/s)

Fig.7 Churn flow(USL=0.175 m/s，USG=5.0 m/s)

图8 单相流动中Reynolds数与摩擦因子的关系

Fig.8 Relation between Re and friction factor in single-phase flow

图9 两相摩擦压降与不同表观气速与表观液速的关系

Fig.9 Relationship between two-phase friction pressure drop and superficial velocity

图10 Martinelli参数随两相摩阻系数的变化

Fig.10 Martinelli parameter versus two-phase multiplier

图11 两相摩阻系数与Martinelli参数的文献对比

Fig.11 Comparison of relationship between two-phase multiplier and Martinelli parameter in literatures

图12 流型压降波动曲线

Fig.12 Fluctuation curves of flow pattern and pressure drop

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