基于正交层次法的锂离子电池热管散热模组数值模拟分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200152

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设计了锂离子电池热管-铝板嵌合式散热模组，增大热管与电池接触面积，强化换热。利用数值模拟和正交试验层次分析研究了影响模组散热性能各因素的具体影响权重，进行参数优选。结果表明：各试验方案下电池模组的温差均控制在3℃以内，均温性能优异；各因素对最高温度的影响程度依次为：热管冷凝段对流传热系数>热管冷凝段长度>铝板厚度>热管间距；结合层次分析确定最佳参数组合为热管冷凝段对流传热系数25 W·m^-2·K^-1、热管长度117 mm、铝板厚度2 mm、热管间距20 mm，该方案下电池以2C倍率放电至20%模组的最高温度为41.60℃，温差为1.35℃，满足散热要求。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热管, 传热, 数值模拟, 正交试验, 层次分析

Abstract:

A lithium-ion battery heat pipe-aluminum plate chimeric heat dissipation module is designed to increase the contact area between the heat pipe and the battery and enhance heat exchange. By means of numerical simulation and orthogonal experiment analytic hierarchy process(AHP), the influence degree and specific weight of each factor on the cooling performance of the module were studied, and then optimized the parameters. The results showed that the temperature difference of the battery module was controlled within 3℃ under each experiment scheme, which indicated the temperature uniformity of the battery module was excellent. The influence degree of each factor on the maximum temperature was as follows: the convective heat transfer coefficient of condensation section of heat pipes> the length of condensation section of heat pipes> the thickness of aluminum plates>the spacing between heat pipes. Combined with AHP analysis, the optimal parameters combination was determined as follows: the convective heat transfer coefficient of condensation section of heat pipes was 25 W·m^-2·K^-1, the length of heat pipes was 117 mm, the thickness of aluminum plates was 2 mm, and the spacing of heat pipes was 20 mm. Under the scheme, the maximum temperature of the system was 41.60℃ and the temperature difference was 1.35℃ when the battery module discharged at a rate of 2C to 20%, which met the cooling requirements.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, heat pipe, heat transfer, numerical simulation, orthogonal experiment, analytic hierarchy process

中图分类号:

U 463

田晟, 肖佳将. 基于正交层次法的锂离子电池热管散热模组数值模拟分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(8): 3510-3517.

Sheng TIAN, Jiajiang XIAO. Numerical simulation and analysis of lithium-ion battery heat pipe cooling module based on orthogonal analytic hierarchy process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(8): 3510-3517.

图/表 12

图1 电池散热模组结构

Fig.1 Structure of battery cooling module

图2 热管-铝板嵌合结构

Fig.2 Heat pipe-aluminum plate chimeric structure

表1 电池单体参数[19]

Table 1 Cell parameters[19]

项目	参数名称	参数值
几何特性参数	宽(x)/mm	65
	长(y)/mm	190
	厚(z)/mm	8.8
电特性参数	标称电压/V	3.6
	标称容量/(A·h)	10
	常温下内阻/Ω	5.5×10^-3
热物性参数	密度/(kg·m^-3)	1950.7
	比热容/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	300
	热导率/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	λ_x=λ_y=1.5、λ_z=1

图3 网格独立性验证

Fig.3 Grid independence verification

表2 正交试验因素水平

Table 2 Orthogonal experiment factors and levels

水平	因素
水平	A /(W·m^-2·K^-1)	B/mm	C	D /mm
1	5	2.0	0.4	30
2	15	2.5	0.6	20
3	25	3.0	0.8	10

表3 正交试验方案及结果

Table 3 Orthogonal experiment schemes and results

试验编号	试验方案				试验指标
试验编号	A	B	C	D	T_max/℃	T_min/℃	ΔT/℃
1	1	1	1	1	53.10	50.18	2.92
2	1	2	2	2	49.48	47.12	2.36
3	1	3	3	3	47.16	45.20	1.96
4	2	1	2	3	47.74	45.74	2.00
5	2	2	3	1	44.02	42.42	1.60
6	2	3	1	2	45.80	44.03	1.77
7	3	1	3	2	41.60	40.25	1.35
8	3	2	1	3	45.16	43.51	1.65
9	3	3	2	1	41.62	40.43	1.19

图4 不同方案下电池模组温度分布（单位：℃）

Fig.4 Temperature distribution of battery module under different schemes

表4 电池模组最高温度Tmax极差分析

Table 4 Analysis of Tmax range of battery module

K_i₁	K_i₂	K_i₃	k_i₁	k_i₂	k_i₃	R_i
149.74	137.56	128.38	49.91	45.85	42.79	7.12
142.44	138.66	134.58	47.48	46.22	44.86	2.62
144.06	138.84	132.78	48.02	46.28	44.26	3.76
138.74	136.88	140.06	46.25	45.63	46.69	1.06

图5 电池模组最高温度随因素水平变化曲线

Fig.5 Tmax of battery module varies with the factors and levels

图6 正交试验AHP模型

Fig.6 AHP model of orthogonal experiment

表5 因素B优化方案

Table 5 Optimization schemes of factor B

试验编号	A	B	C	D
10	3	1	3	2
11	3	2	3	2
12	3	3	3	2

图7 不同方案下电池模组最高温度

Fig.7 Tmax of battery module under different schemes

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