化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (S1): 30-41.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20201519
收稿日期:
2020-10-29
修回日期:
2021-01-23
出版日期:
2021-06-20
发布日期:
2021-06-20
通讯作者:
陈健勇
作者简介:
黄锟腾(1998—),男,硕士研究生,基金资助:
HUANG Kunteng(),CHEN Jianyong(),CHEN Ying,LUO Xianglong,LIANG Yingzong
Received:
2020-10-29
Revised:
2021-01-23
Online:
2021-06-20
Published:
2021-06-20
Contact:
CHEN Jianyong
摘要:
介绍了国内外气液分离技术及设备的研究进展,阐述了重力分离、惯性分离、过滤分离、离心分离和精馏分离的工作原理和设备构成,重点关注了气液分离技术在换热器和制冷系统中的应用,最后对比了各种气液分离技术。现有气液分离机理尚不清晰,且普适性不高。将气液分离与气相相变传热过程结合能实现强化传热和提升系统能效,具有巨大应用前景。
中图分类号:
黄锟腾, 陈健勇, 陈颖, 罗向龙, 梁颖宗. 气液分离技术的研究现状[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 30-41.
HUANG Kunteng, CHEN Jianyong, CHEN Ying, LUO Xianglong, LIANG Yingzong. Research status of vapor-liquid separation technology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 30-41.
图8 T型管气体旁通制冷系统[51] (a);T型管冰箱系统[53] (b)
Fig.8 Refrigeration system with T junction gas bypass method[51] (a); Refrigerator system with T junction[53] (b)
类型 | 设备名称 | 优点 | 缺点 | 制冷系统应用 |
---|---|---|---|---|
重力式 | 气液分离器 | 结构简单,流动阻力小,维护费用低 | 气液分离效率低,需要较长停留时间和行程 | 压缩机前,两相喷射制冷系统,自复叠制冷系统 |
多孔隔板联箱 | 结构简单,体积小,可与换热器一体化 | 可能出现液相溢出和气相击穿 | 分液冷凝器,空调,热泵热水器 | |
惯性式 | T型管 | 简单实用,适应性好 | 气液分离效率一般,组分分离效果差 | 分液冷凝器,气体旁通制冷系统,家用冰箱 |
波纹板式 | 结构简单、处理量大,分离效率比重力式高 | 阻力大,小于25 μm的液滴分离效果较差 | — | |
过滤式 | 金属丝网 | 分离效率高,有效分离粒径0.1~10 μm | 气体流速大和带液严重时,分离效果差,金属网易堵塞,压降增大 | 分液冷凝器 |
离心式 | 管柱 | 可用于压力容器 | 范围窄,超过规定流速后,分离效率急剧下降 | — |
轴流 | 分离效率高,体积小 | 结构设计困难,内部流动复杂,压力损失大 | — | |
螺旋 | 分离效率高,体积小 | 结构复杂,设计困难 | 压缩机前 | |
精馏式 | 精馏塔 | 分离效率高,还可进行组分分离 | 分离效率高,成本高,还需额外的冷热源 | 氨水吸收式制冷系统,自复叠制冷系统,变容量热泵系统 |
表1 气液分离设备的优缺点
Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of vapor-liquid separation equipment
类型 | 设备名称 | 优点 | 缺点 | 制冷系统应用 |
---|---|---|---|---|
重力式 | 气液分离器 | 结构简单,流动阻力小,维护费用低 | 气液分离效率低,需要较长停留时间和行程 | 压缩机前,两相喷射制冷系统,自复叠制冷系统 |
多孔隔板联箱 | 结构简单,体积小,可与换热器一体化 | 可能出现液相溢出和气相击穿 | 分液冷凝器,空调,热泵热水器 | |
惯性式 | T型管 | 简单实用,适应性好 | 气液分离效率一般,组分分离效果差 | 分液冷凝器,气体旁通制冷系统,家用冰箱 |
波纹板式 | 结构简单、处理量大,分离效率比重力式高 | 阻力大,小于25 μm的液滴分离效果较差 | — | |
过滤式 | 金属丝网 | 分离效率高,有效分离粒径0.1~10 μm | 气体流速大和带液严重时,分离效果差,金属网易堵塞,压降增大 | 分液冷凝器 |
离心式 | 管柱 | 可用于压力容器 | 范围窄,超过规定流速后,分离效率急剧下降 | — |
轴流 | 分离效率高,体积小 | 结构设计困难,内部流动复杂,压力损失大 | — | |
螺旋 | 分离效率高,体积小 | 结构复杂,设计困难 | 压缩机前 | |
精馏式 | 精馏塔 | 分离效率高,还可进行组分分离 | 分离效率高,成本高,还需额外的冷热源 | 氨水吸收式制冷系统,自复叠制冷系统,变容量热泵系统 |
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