基于LiCl溶液太阳能界面蒸发的连续式空气取水

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201548

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能吸收式空气取水利用广泛存在的太阳能和空气获取淡水，是解决淡水短缺的有效方法，然而传统技术的水分吸收和解吸收集需要分开运行，效率较低且需要人工操作。为解决该问题，提出基于吸湿盐溶液太阳能界面蒸发的连续式空气取水，一方面采用LiCl溶液吸收空气中的水分，另一方面利用太阳能界面蒸发实现溶液解吸与水蒸气冷凝收集，由于太阳能界面蒸发可以实现局部加热与解吸，吸收和解吸两个过程可以同时进行。进一步对LiCl溶液的太阳能界面蒸发与连续空气取水分别进行了试验研究，试验结果显示：质量分数为30%的LiCl溶液可以进行高效的吸收/解吸工作，在一个太阳光照强度下达到0.44 kg/(m²·h)的蒸发速率和39.3%的能量效率，并能实现连续太阳能空气取水，取水速率达到2 L/(m²·d)。

关键词: 空气取水, 吸收, 界面, 解吸, 连续

Abstract:

Atmospheric water harvester based solar sorption technology uses widespread solar energy and air to obtain fresh water, which is an effective method to solve the shortage of fresh water. However, the traditional technology of water absorption and desorption sets need to be operated separately, which is inefficient and requires manual operation. To solve this problem, this paper proposes continuous atmospheric water harvester based on solar interfacial evaporation of hygroscopic salt solution. On the one hand, LiCl solution is used to absorb moisture in the air. On the other hand, solar interfacial evaporation is used to achieve solution desorption and water vapor condensation collection. Interfacial evaporation can achieve local heating and desorption, and the two processes of absorption and desorption can be performed simultaneously. In this paper, the solar interfacial evaporation of LiCl solution and continuous atmospheric water harvester were separately studied. The experimental results show that LiCl solution with a mass fraction of 30% can perform efficient absorption/desorption work, and can achieve an evaporation rate of 0.44 kg/(m²·h) and an efficiency of 39.3% under one solar light intensity. The device can achieve continuous solar atmospheric water harvest, and the water intake rate reaches 2 L/(m²·d).

Key words: atmospheric water harvester, absorption, interface, desorption, continuous

中图分类号:

TK 519

安美燕, 王洁冰, 徐震原, 王如竹. 基于LiCl溶液太阳能界面蒸发的连续式空气取水[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 70-76.

AN Meiyan, WANG Jiebing, XU Zhenyuan, WANG Ruzhu. Continuous atmospheric water harvester based on solar interfacial evaporation of LiCl solution[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 70-76.

图/表 9

图1 太阳能吸收式连续空气取水原理

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of solar absorption continuous atmospheric water harvester

图2 炭黑溶液及其吸光表面

Fig.2 Carbon black solution and light-absorbing surface

图3 蒸发试验总装置

Fig.3 Evaporation experiment total device

图4 蒸发试验装置

Fig.4 Evaporation experimental device

图5 不同LiCl溶液质量分数下装置总质量和蒸发速率随时间变化的曲线

Fig.5 Graph of total mass of device and evaporation rate versus time under different mass fractions of LiCl solution

图6 不同LiCl质量分数下蒸发表面平均温度随时间变化的曲线

Fig.6 Curves of average temperature of evaporation surface versus time under different LiCl mass fractions

图7 太阳能吸收式连续空气取水试验装置

Fig.7 Total device for solar absorption continuous atmospheric water harvest experiment

图8 太阳能吸收式连续空气取水装置总质量随时间变化

Fig.8 Total mass of solar absorption type continuous atmospheric water harvest device changes versus time

图9 冷凝水收集情况

Fig.9 Condensate collection

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