太阳能波动特性大数据分析与风光互补耦合制氢系统集成

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211782

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能是一种可持续的能源，然而其随机和间歇的波动特性制约了其大规模高渗透率应用。从分析风力和光照的基础特性出发，通过国际气象组织和航天机构的数据库中挖掘和整合数据，运用频谱分析、滤波分析，揭示了风能与光能均存在日(24 h)和年(8760 h)的波动周期；并指明了风能和光能波动周期的相位差，构成了风光能互补以平抑波动性的科学基础。对我国北方和西北多个地区的数据分析表明，当地风能与光能之间的日周期波动相位差为7个多小时，年周期波动相位差为5个多月，风能和光能的耦合对单独能源的波动具有平抑效果。由此构建了大规模稳定性风光耦合制氢供氢系统的容量配置设计准则，选用合适的蓄电池组和储氢罐，实现供氢波动率在10%以下，供氢规模达7500吨/年。该系统的单位制氢成本为25.5 CNY/kg H₂，显著低于单独风能或单独光能制氢的成本；CO₂排放强度为2.34 kg CO₂/kg H₂，优于未互补耦合的太阳能制氢系统。

关键词: 太阳能, 风能光能耦合, 数据挖掘, 多尺度建模, 制氢, 集成

Abstract:

Solar energy is a kind of sustainable energy, however, its random and intermittent fluctuation characteristics restrict its large-scale and high permeable applications. In this paper, based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of wind power and light, and through the data mining and integration from the databases of the international Meteorological Organization and space agencies, the frequency spectrum analysis and filtering analysis are applied to reveal that both wind power and photovoltaic power have daily (24 h) and annual (8760 h) fluctuation cycles. The phase differences between the wind energy and the solar energy fluctuation period are pointed out, which constitutes the scientific basis for energy complementarity to suppress the fluctuation. The data analysis of several regions in north and northwest China shows that the phase difference between wind energy and solar energy is around 7 hours daily and around 5 months annually. The coupling of the wind energy and the solar energy alleviates the individual energy fluctuation. Therefore, the design criteria and model of capacity configuration of large-scale stable wind-photovoltaic power to hydrogen production and supply system were established, and appropriate battery sets and hydrogen storage tanks were selected to achieve 7500 t/a hydrogen supply. The unit cost of hydrogen production of the system is 25.5 CNY/kg H₂, which is significantly lower than the cost of hydrogen production from wind or photovoltaic energy alone; the CO₂ emission intensity of the system is 2.34 kg CO₂/kg H₂, which is superior to the uncomplementary coupled solar hydrogen production system.

Key words: solar energy, wind-photovoltaic energy coupling, data mining, multi-scale modeling, hydrogen production, integration

中图分类号:

TQ 116.2

钱宇, 陈耀熙, 史晓斐, 杨思宇. 太阳能波动特性大数据分析与风光互补耦合制氢系统集成[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(5): 2101-2110.

Yu QIAN, Yaoxi CHEN, Xiaofei SHI, Siyu YANG. Big data analysis of solar energy fluctuation characteristics and integration of wind-photovoltaic to hydrogen system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(5): 2101-2110.

图/表 13

图1 我国新疆准东风速与太阳光辐射强度2020年波动数据图

Fig.1 Fluctuation curves of wind speed and solar radiation in Xinjiang，China in 2020

图2 风电与光电昼夜波动曲线

Fig.2 Day and night fluctuation curves of wind power and photovoltaic power

图3 经频谱分析获取的风速与光强波动频率特征

Fig.3 Frequency characteristics of wind speed and light intensity fluctuation obtained with the spectral analysis

图4 光能与风能的基础模型仿真与实际数据的比较

Fig.4 Comparison of the basic model simulations and actual data of solar and wind energy

图5 滤波后8760 h周期特征的风力和光强波动曲线

Fig.5 Wind and light fluctuation curves with 8760 h periodic characteristics after filtering

图6 风能光能波动互补平抑波动

Fig.6 Wind energy and solar energy complement each other to suppress fluctuations

表1 四地点风能光能8760 h与24 h周期初相位

Table 1 The initial phases of 8760 h and 24 h cycles of wind energy and solar energy in four locations

地名	8760 h周期			24 h周期
地名	风电初相位	光电初相位	相位差	风电初相位	光电初相位	相位差
通辽	12月10日	3月22日	3个月12天	14时25分	6时21分	8小时4分钟
包头	12月26日	3月21日	2个月24天	10时24分	6时09分	4小时14分钟
酒泉	2月3日	3月23日	1个月18天	6时12分	6时48分	36分钟
准东	10月25日	3月27日	5个月1天	22时51分	6时33分	7小时42分钟

图7 四地点风能光能互补水平

Fig.7 Complementary levels of wind energy and solar energy in the four locations

图8 风光耦合制氢系统拓扑结构

Fig.8 Topological structure of the wind–photovoltaic to hydrogen system

表2 风光耦合制氢系统容量配置

Table 2 The capacity configuration of wind–photovoltaic to hydrogen system

项目	光伏发电制氢	风力发电制氢	风电光电耦合制氢
风机装机容量/MW	—	234	130
光伏装机容量/MW	320	—	137
蓄电池容量/MWh	4225	7745	1250
电解槽制氢产能/(m³/h)	13000	13000	13000
储氢罐容量/m³	28790	11800	4170
蓄电池时间常数τ^b/h	92	168	27
储氢罐时间常数τ^s/h	1906	785	277
年产氢量/t	7500	7500	7500

图9 集成系统各环节波动率δ变化

Fig.9 Variation of volatility δ of the integrated system

图10 风光耦合制氢系统生命周期边界

Fig.10 The life cycle boundary of wind–photovoltaic to hydrogen system

图11 制氢系统的CO2排放强度及单位制氢成本对比

Fig.11 CO2 emission intensity and hydrogen production cost comparison of hydrogen production system

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