电动导排孔隙水对泥-水界面氮释放通量的控制效果研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221012

化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (11): 5118-5127.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20221012

电动导排孔隙水对泥-水界面氮释放通量的控制效果研究

顾鋆鋆¹^,²(), 黎睿¹^,², 吴兴熠¹^,³, 汤显强¹^,²(), 胡艳平¹^,²

^1.长江科学院流域水环境研究所，湖北武汉 430010
^2.流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430010
^3.宜昌市东风渠灌区管理局，湖北宜昌 443199

收稿日期:2022-07-20 修回日期:2022-10-12 出版日期:2022-11-05 发布日期:2022-12-06
通讯作者: 汤显强
作者简介:顾鋆鋆（1998—），女，硕士研究生，gujunjun0108@foxmail.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务项目(CKSF2021531/SH);国家自然科学基金项目(51979006);国家高层次人才特殊支持计划项目（CKSD2019542／SH）

Study on the control effect of electrokinetic drainage of pore water on nitrogen release flux at the mud-water interface

Junjun GU¹^,²(), Rui LI¹^,², Xingyi WU¹^,³, Xianqiang TANG¹^,²(), Yanping HU¹^,²

^1.Basin Water Environmental Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
^3.Yichang Dongfengqu Irrigation District Administration, Yichang 443199, Hubei, China

Received:2022-07-20 Revised:2022-10-12 Online:2022-11-05 Published:2022-12-06
Contact: Xianqiang TANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

孔隙水是底泥氮素污染的主要载体和释放源头，对富含氮素的孔隙水予以分离和脱除是控制内源氮释放的潜在方案。以富营养化湖泊底泥为研究对象，采用自制底泥孔隙水电动导排装置，在上覆水深度为20 cm的条件下进行底泥孔隙水电动导排，共设置对照、重力排水(0 V/cm电压梯度)和间歇通电(0.5 V/cm电压梯度，4 h On/4 h Off)3组实验，分析了泥-水界面氮浓度及释放通量的变化特征，监测了孔隙水及底泥中氮形态、pH等理化参数，评估了电动导排孔隙水对泥-水界面氮释放通量的控制效果及影响因素。结果表明：电动导排孔隙水可有效降低泥-水界面的氮释放通量，实验进行632 h后，通电实验组泥-水界面累计DTN释放通量为282.28 mg N/m²，与对照组相比氮释放通量削减95.61%。电动导排孔隙水使阳极孔隙水呈酸性，阴极孔隙水呈碱性，pH的改变促进了底泥中可转化态氮(TTN)的活化，与重力排水相比，电动导排孔隙水后底泥离子交换态氮(IEF-N)去除率由11.11%~12.97%提升至12.59%~22.31%。电动导排孔隙水后底泥总氮脱除量为47015.72 mg/m³，累计能耗为162.38 kWh/m³。

关键词: 电动导排, 电化学, 沉积物, 修复, 氮释放通量, 孔隙水, 氮形态

Abstract:

Pore water is a crucial storage medium and a key source of sediment nitrogen. The separation and removal of nitrogen rich pore water is a potential scheme to control the release of endogenous nitrogen. A novel electrokinetic drainage of pore water device was used in a simulation study to understand its efficacy on internal nitrogen release. A total of three groups of experiments were set up: control, gravity drainage (0 V/cm voltage gradient) and intermittent energization (0.5 V/cm voltage gradient, 4 h On/4 h Off). In this research, we analyzed the characteristics of nitrogen concentration and release flux at the sediment-water interface, monitored the pore water and sediment nitrogen fraction, pH and other physicochemical parameters, and then assessed the effect of electrically induced and discharged pore water on the release flux of nitrogen at the sediment-water interface and the influencing factors. The results show that electrokinetic drainage of pore water can reduce the nitrogen release flux at the sediment-water interface effectively. The cumulative dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) release flux at the sediment-water interface was 282.28 mg N/m² after 632 h of intermittent energization, which was 95.61% lower than that in the control group. Electric drainage of pore water makes the anode pore water acidic and the cathode pore water alkaline, and the change of pH promotes the activation of transformable nitrogen (TTN) in the sediment. The removal rate of sludge ion-exchanged nitrogen (IEF-N) increased from 11.11%—12.97% to 12.59%—22.31%. After electric drainage of pore water, the total nitrogen removal amount of sediment is 47015.72 mg/m³, and the cumulative energy consumption is 162.38 kWh/m³.

Key words: electrokinetic remediation, electrochemistry, deposition, remediation, nitrogen release flux, pore water, nitrogen fraction

中图分类号:

X 506

顾鋆鋆, 黎睿, 吴兴熠, 汤显强, 胡艳平. 电动导排孔隙水对泥-水界面氮释放通量的控制效果研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(11): 5118-5127.

Junjun GU, Rui LI, Xingyi WU, Xianqiang TANG, Yanping HU. Study on the control effect of electrokinetic drainage of pore water on nitrogen release flux at the mud-water interface[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(11): 5118-5127.

图/表 12

图1 导排水组件结构图及实验装置示意图①导线保护管;②排气管;③橡胶排水管;④上覆水隔绝罩;⑤带孔有机玻璃板;⑥滤布固定条;⑦储水槽;⑧排水管;⑨滤布;⑩EKG电极板

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the structure and experimental set-up of the pore water conductive drainage assembly①wire protection tube; ②exhaust tube; ③rubber drainage tube; ④upper water insulation cover;⑤organic glass plate with holes;⑥filter cloth fixing strip; ⑦water storage tank; ⑧drain pipe;⑨filter cloth; ⑩EKG electrode plate

图2 不同条件下上覆水DTN浓度及释放通量变化

Fig.2 Variation of DTN concentration and release flux in overlying water under different conditions

表1 不同条件下上覆水DTN释放通量统计参数

Table 1 Statistical parameters of DTN release flux of overlying water under different conditions

条件	通量范围/（mg N/m²）	释放速率范围/(mg N/(m²·h))	平均释放速率/（mg N/(m²·h)）	累计释放通量/（mg N/ m²）
对照	79.59~1332.03	2.13~26.53	9.15	6430.85
0 V/cm	-363.17~513.62	-5.04~13.48	2.08	1461.30
0.5 V/cm	-228.00~216.52	-9.50~6.81	0.45	282.28

图3 0 V/cm和0.5 V/cm条件下孔隙水中DTN浓度变化

Fig.3 Change of DTN concentration in pore water under 0 V/cm and 0.5 V/cm voltage gradient

图4 导排孔隙水中NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度变化

Fig.4 Concentration change of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the drainage pore water

图5 底泥不同形态氮占比情况

Fig.5 Proportion of different forms of nitrogen in the sediment

表2 导排前后底泥各提取态氮平均去除率

Table 2 Average removal rate of extracted nitrogen in sediment before and after drainage

氮形态	去除率/%
	0 V/cm		0.5 V/cm
	中部	电极	阳极	中部	阴极
IEF-N	12.97	11.11	12.59	22.31	13.26
WAEF-N	-1.86	0.77	8.16	7.46	0.88
SAEF-N	6.92	7.08	3.89	-12.56	-35.28
SOEF-N	7.14	19.15	2.74	8.52	24.51

表3 导排前后底泥有机质含量

Table 3 Organic matter content of sediment before and after drainage

电压梯度/（V/cm）	位置	导排前有机质含量/%	导排后有机质含量/%
0	中部	9.03	8.29
0	电极	9.03	7.46
0.5	阳极	10.96	9.22
	中部	10.96	8.46
	阴极	10.96	7.48

图6 0.5 V/cm条件下实验前后水量、氮含量平衡图

Fig.6 Balance diagram of water and nitrogen content under 0.5 V/cm voltage gradient

图7 0.5 V/cm条件下导排孔隙水pH、电导率与NH4+-N浓度关系

Fig.7 Relationship between pH value， conductivity and NH4+-N concentration of drainage pore water under 0.5 V/cm voltage gradient

表4 电动修复案例

Table 4 Cases of electric remediation of soil

土壤/底泥性质	修复目的	电极材料及供电方式	电压梯度/（V/cm）	修复时间	修复效果	能耗/（kWh/m³）	文献
湖泊沉积物	电渗排水除磷	EKG组件，12 h On/12 h Off间歇通电	0.5	6 d	含水率减少4.6%，总磷含量减少112.65 mg/kg	102.7	[35]
沙壤土，含水率38%	脱除土壤中的Cr	EKG组件，12 h On/12 h Off间歇通电	2	7 d	铬除去率为41.98%	63.13	[39]
沟渠沉积物，含水率5.8%	脱除沉积物中六氯苯HCB和锌Zn	阳极石墨棒，阴极钢管，持续通电	0.2~0.4	100 d	HCB平均含量由23.6 mg/kg降至21 mg/kg，Zn整体平均含量变化不大	563	[40]
疏浚底泥，含水率38.72%	电渗排水	阳极镀锌铁丝，阴极氯化聚丙烯管，持续通电	0.3	183 h	含水率下降至33.43%	7.16	[41]

图 8 电动导排孔隙水修复累计能耗与DTN脱除量关系曲线

Fig.8 Relation curve between cumulative energy consumption of electric drainage pore water remediation and DTN removal amount

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电动导排孔隙水对泥-水界面氮释放通量的控制效果研究

Study on the control effect of electrokinetic drainage of pore water on nitrogen release flux at the mud-water interface

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