5 kW重整甲醇高温质子交换膜燃料电池系统设计与性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231383

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相对于纯氢，液态甲醇具有储运方便、来源广泛以及体积能量密度高等优点，并可通过现场重整制氢与高温质子交换膜燃料电池（HT-PEMFC）联合发电，有望解决低温PEMFC用氢难的挑战。本研究优选具有完全自主知识产权的高性能HT-PEMFC电堆与甲醇重整器（MSR），其中HT-PEMFC电堆在160℃、氢/空和低化学计量比下的输出功率可达5.46 kW@80 A，而甲醇重整器输出气量达5 Nm³/小时，氢气浓度高达74.8%，CO浓度仅为1%，满足HT-PEMFC运行需求。通过将MSR与HT-PEMFC进行耦合，采用高、低温热子系统并联的方式构建了高性能的MSR/HT-PEMFC系统，其输出功率与电堆在纯氢条件下的输出功率相同，而甲醇水溶液（V/V=6/4）单耗最低仅为0.81 kg/kW，表明该系统甲醇水溶液单耗低、输出性能高，具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 燃料电池, 重整甲醇燃料电池, 甲醇重整器, 系统, 集成

Abstract:

In comparison with hydrogen, liquid methanol has several advantages including easy for transportation and storage, a variety of resources and high volume energy density. It also can be reformed to syngas for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel (HT-PEMFC) with high tolerance for CO. Thereby, it is going to deal with the high challenge of LT-PEMFC for the usage of ultrapure hydrogen. In this work, a HT-PEMFC stack and a methanol reformer (MSR) were employed. The HT-PEMFC stack shows an output of 5.46 kW@80 A at 160 ℃ and H₂/air atmosphere. Meanwhile, the MSR has a gas flow rate of 5 Nm³/h, where the content of the syngas is 74.8% for H₂, 1% for CO and 24.2% for CO₂. When the MSR and HT-PEMFC were integrated into the system with parallel configuration for the two thermal subsystems, the power output of the system is consistent with the value of the stack at H₂/air atmosphere. More importantly, the methanol aqueous solution(Vol/Vol=6:4) consumption rate of the system is only 0.81 kg/kWh. In conclusion, the MSR/HT-PEMFC system shows promising applications in stationary energy supply and emergency power supply.

Key words: fuel cells, reforming methanol fuel cell, methanol reformer, system, integration

中图分类号:

TM 911

张劲, 郭志斌, 罗来明, 卢善富, 相艳. 5 kW重整甲醇高温质子交换膜燃料电池系统设计与性能研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231383.

Jin ZHANG, Zhibin GUO, Laiming LUO, Shanfu LU, Yan XIANG. Design and performance of 5 kW reforming methanol high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell system[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231383.

图/表 7

图1 (a) 高温质子交换膜燃料电池堆I-V性能；(b) 电堆在33A和55A下的单电池电压

Fig.1 (a)I-V curves of HT-PEMFC stack in different atmosphere; (b) the voltage of each MEA at 33A and 55 A for HT-PEMFC stack

图2 甲醇重整器设计及测试装置示意图

Fig.2 The design and process diagram for the methanol reforming device

图3 重整甲醇高温质子交换膜燃料电池系统的（a）实物照片，（b）系统流程图注:(a) (b)

Fig.3 (a)The picture of MSR/HT-PEMFC device, and (b) the scheme for the MSR/HT-PEMFC system

图4 重整甲醇高温质子交换膜燃料电池系统稳定工作时的I-V曲线

Fig.4 The I-V curves of MSR/HT-PEMFC system with methanol as the fuel that was reformed into reformate gas

图5 （a）重整甲醇高温质子交换膜燃料电池系统运行曲线，（b）为(a)图中灰色区域放大

Fig.5 (a) The operating curves of the MSR/HT-PEMFC, and (b) the enlarged curves in the gray area in (a)

表1 重整甲醇高温质子交换膜燃料电池系统甲醇水溶液消耗量与发电情况汇总

Table 1 The methanol consumption and electricity generation of the MSR/HT-PEMFC system

编号	发电功率	发电量	甲醇水溶液消耗量	甲醇水溶液单耗
编号	kw	kwh	kg	kg/kwh
1	0.40	0.20	0.25	1.25
2	0.83	1.12	1.10	0.98
3	1.50	0.68	0.60	0.88
4	1.80	0.50	0.45	0.90
5	2.06	0.68	0.55	0.81
6	2.20	0.70	0.60	0.86

表2 重整甲醇高温质子交换膜燃料电池系统尾气浓度检测结果汇总

Table 2 The composition of the emission gas in the MSR/HT-PEMFC under different operating current

编号	浓度（%）					系统运行状态
编号	H₂	O₂	N₂	CO	CO₂	系统运行状态
1	0.00	19.1	79.3	0.00	2.26	开机
2	0.00	20.4	78.7	0.00	1.65	5 A
3	0.00	19.8	78.6	0.00	2.27	10 A
4	0.00	19.8	78.4	0.00	2.44	20 A
5	0.00	18.7	78.6	0.00	3.45	30 A

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