聚酰亚胺膜材料分子结构设计强化CO2渗透性研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231401

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜技术基于渗透性差异实现天然气无相变脱碳，节能优势显著，此外膜装置的模块化制造可以灵活应对非常规天然气开采规模的大幅变化。聚酰亚胺（PI）是一种广泛研究的玻璃态聚合物膜材料，脱碳选择性较高、化学稳定性好，近年来在天然气脱碳领域已实现工业应用。尽管如此，通过分子结构设计提升聚酰亚胺膜的渗透性，从而大幅降低膜装置建设成本和占地面积，仍是未来的重要研究方向。从气体在玻璃态聚合物膜中的渗透传质机制出发，归纳总结了芳香族聚酰亚胺在链段构型与柔顺性、大位阻侧基、主链轴节结构等方面的设计进展以及膜材料自由体积分数和气体渗透系数随之发生变化的内在规律，对聚酰亚胺膜材料分子结构设计的未来发展方向进行了展望，兼顾考虑自由体积分数和自由体积空穴尺寸分布范围是同时提高渗透性和选择性的重要途径。

关键词: 天然气脱碳, 膜分离, 聚酰亚胺, 分子结构, 渗透性, 自由体积

Abstract:

Membrane technology relying on the difference in gas permeation ability has been widely attempted for carbon dioxide removal from natural gases. Owing to the feature without phase change, membrane technology has remarkable advantage in energy saving. In addition, membrane plants can be manufactured under modularization layout and highly flexible to face the wide change in extraction scale for unconventional resources. Polyimide (PI) is a widely studied glassy polymer membrane material with high decarbonization selectivity and good chemical stability. In recent years, it has been industrially applied in the field of natural gas decarbonization. Even though, molecular structure design is remaining an important research direction for polyimide membrane materials to enhance carbon dioxide permeation ability and then make great savings in both investment and footprint space for membrane plants. In this review, based on the mechanism for gas permeation and separation in glassy polymeric membranes, we have summarized the research progress around aromatic polyimide membrane materials, e.g., tailoring and customizing the isomerized backbone configuration, the steric and bulky side groups, and the locally expanded segments; meanwhile, the internal relevance about these molecular structure design issues on fractional free volume and gas permeation ability are concluded. Furthermore, a concise outlook on future research direction has also been suggested for polyimide membrane materials. Taking into account both the free volume fraction and the free volume hole size distribution range is an important way to simultaneously improve permeability and selectivity.

Key words: natural gas decarbonization, membrane separation, polyimide, molecular structure, permeability, fractional free volume

中图分类号:

TE 64

张子佳, 仇昕月, 孙翔, 罗志斌, 罗海中, 贺高红, 阮雪华. 聚酰亚胺膜材料分子结构设计强化CO₂渗透性研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(4): 1137-1152.

Zijia ZHANG, Xinyue QIU, Xiang SUN, Zhibin LUO, Haizhong LUO, Gaohong HE, Xuehua RUAN. Progress in molecular structure design for polyimide membrane materials to enhance CO₂ permeation ability[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(4): 1137-1152.

图/表 19

图1 我国能源大变局进程中天然气消费总量的逐年增长趋势

Fig.1 Annual growth trend of total natural gas consumption in process of China’s energy transformation

图2 聚酰亚胺膜材料的分子结构示意图

Fig.2 General chemical structure of polyimide membrane materials

图3 近40年来聚酰亚胺膜在天然气加工领域的出版物发表情况

Fig.3 Number of publications in field of natural gas processing using polyimide membranes in last 40 years

图4 聚酰亚胺膜中二氧化碳的“溶解-扩散”渗透过程示意图

Fig.4 Schematic representation of “solution-diffusion” permeation process of CO2 in polyimide membranes

图5 6FDA-6FpDA和6FDA-6FmDA分子结构及其空间构型[22]

Fig.5 Structure and spatial configuration of 6FDA-6FpDA and 6FDA-6FmDA[22]

图6 PMDA-6FpDA，PMDA-APB和PMDA-TBAPB分子结构及其空间构型[25]

Fig.6 Structure and spatial configuration of PMDA-6FpDA, PMDA-APB and PMDA-TBAPB[25]

图7 6FDA-FMTBDA分子结构及其空间构型[26]

Fig.7 Structure and spatial configuration of 6FDA-FMTBDA[26]

图8 6FDA-FSBC、6FDA-MSBC和6FDA-SBC分子结构及其链堆积结构示意图[29]

Fig.8 Structure and schematic of chain packing structure of 6FDA-FSBC, 6FDA-MSBC and 6FDA-SBC[29]

图9 不同大体积侧基聚酰亚胺分子结构[31]

Fig.9 Chemical structure of polyimides with different large substitution[31]

图10 Ⅰa、Ⅱa、Ⅲa、Ⅳa的CO2渗透性[31]

Fig.10 CO2 permeability of Ⅰa, Ⅱa, Ⅲa and Ⅳa[31]

图11 6FDA-BAPM、6FDA-BATFMM和6FDA-BABTFMM分子结构及其链堆积结构示意图[32]

Fig.11 Structure and schematic of chain packing structure of 6FDA-BAPM, 6FDA-BATFMM and 6FDA-BABTFMM[32]

图12 6FDA-BAPM、6FDA-BATFMM和6FDA-BABTFMM的CO2渗透性[32]

Fig.12 CO2 permeability of 6FDA-BAPM, 6FDA-BATFMM and 6FDA-BABTFMM [32]

图13 6FDA-BAPM和Ⅰa分子结构及其空间构型[31-32]

Fig.13 Structure and spatial configuration of 6FDA-BAPM and Ⅰa[31-32]

图14 6FDA-DATRI分子结构[41]

Fig.14 Chemical structure of 6FDA-DATRI[41]

图15 6FDA-PPDA (R) 分子结构[44]

Fig.15 Chemical structure of 6FDA-PPDA (R)[44]

表1 典型侧基改性聚酰亚胺膜的CO2渗透性

Table 1 CO2 permeability of typical substitution modified PI membranes

膜种类	测试压力/MPa	测试温度/℃	CO₂渗透系数/Barrer	文献
6FDA-FSBC	—	35	66.0	[29]
6FDA-SBC	—	35	32.1	[29]
6FDA-MSBC	—	35	21.2	[29]
6FDA-BAN	—	—	845.0	[34]
DPt-TMPD	0.2	35	2035.0	[35]
DBPI-550	0.4	35	20639.0	[45]
CTPI-550	0.6	35	4633.0	[46]
BBPI	—	—	275.3	[47]
6FDA-FFDA/DAM	—	—	197.1	[48]

图16 聚酰亚胺的分子结构

Fig.16 Chemical structure of PIs

图17 6FDA-BDA分子结构[61]

Fig.17 Chemical structure of 6FDA-BDA[61]

表2 典型主链结构调整聚酰亚胺膜的CO2渗透性

Table 2 CO2 permeability of PI membranes with typical backbone structure adjustment

膜	测试压力/MPa	测试温度/℃	CO₂渗透系数/Barrer	文献
TNTDA-DAT	0.1	25	728.0	[56]
6FcDA-Me₂NH₂-TB			2987.0	[63]
CANAL-PI-Me₂NH₂	0.2	35	1691.0	[64]
SBIDA-DMNDA	0.5	35	1400.0	[65]
BTA-CANAL-2	0.2	35	1995.0	[66]
PIM-PI	0.2	30	2000.0	[67]
PMDA-DAT	—	35	79.5	[68]
6F6FTB-0.5-450	—	—	1317.0	[69]
PI-TB-7	0.1	35	112.0	[70]
PIM-PI-EA	—	35	7340.0	[71]
PIM-TM-Ac-300	0.1	35	194.0	[72]

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聚酰亚胺膜材料分子结构设计强化CO₂渗透性研究进展

Progress in molecular structure design for polyimide membrane materials to enhance CO₂ permeation ability

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