化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (4): 1433-1445.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20221678
王荣1(), 王永洪1,2(), 张新儒1,2, 李晋平1,2
收稿日期:
2022-12-30
修回日期:
2023-03-15
出版日期:
2023-04-05
发布日期:
2023-06-02
通讯作者:
王永洪
作者简介:
王荣(1997—),女,硕士研究生,wr2215706965@163.com
基金资助:
Rong WANG1(), Yonghong WANG1,2(), Xinru ZHANG1,2, Jinping LI1,2
Received:
2022-12-30
Revised:
2023-03-15
Online:
2023-04-05
Published:
2023-06-02
Contact:
Yonghong WANG
摘要:
高分子气体分离膜具有价格低和易加工等优点,但存在气体分离性能难以满足工业要求,以及耐老化性能和结构稳定性差等问题。炭分子筛膜不仅具有高力学性能,高耐热、耐化学腐蚀性能,而且存在适合气体传递的路径、对气体分子亲和性好的杂原子结构,以及分子辨识能力强的孔尺寸,表现出优异的气体分离性能,因而受到广泛的关注,被认为是最具应用前景的气体分离膜。6FDA型聚酰亚胺不仅具有较大的刚性和受限制的构象,且自由体积较大、分子结构可调、成孔性好和残炭量高,制备的炭分子筛膜的气体分离性能优于其他前体,受到学术界和工业部门的青睐。本文主要介绍了炭分子筛膜前体的结构设计原理,在热解过程中的炭化机理和微观结构的控制,炭结构对气体分离性能的影响,气体在膜中的传递机理,以及由6FDA型聚酰亚胺制备的炭分子筛膜在气体分离中的应用。结合科研实际,提出了6FDA型聚酰亚胺炭分子筛膜结构设计和制备的想法,为未来炭分子筛膜在气体分离中应用提供新的思路。
中图分类号:
王荣, 王永洪, 张新儒, 李晋平. 6FDA型聚酰亚胺炭分子筛气体分离膜的构筑及其应用[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(4): 1433-1445.
Rong WANG, Yonghong WANG, Xinru ZHANG, Jinping LI. Construction of 6FDA-based polyimide carbon molecular sieve membranes for gas separation and its application[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1433-1445.
聚酰亚胺 | 密度/(g/cm3) | Tg/℃ | 链间距/nm | 自由体积/(cm3/g) | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6FDA-ODA | 1.432 | 304 | 0.56 | 0.1142 | [ |
6FDA-MDA | 1.400 | 304 | 0.56 | 0.1143 | [ |
6FDA-m-PD | 1.474 | 298 | — | 0.160 | [ |
6FDA-p-PD | 1.473 | 351 | — | 0.161 | [ |
6FDA-DABA | 1.590 | 327 | 0.53 | 0.153 | [ |
表1 不同二胺制备的6FDA型聚酰亚胺的物理化学性质
Table 1 Physicochemical properties of 6FDA-based polyimides with different diamine
聚酰亚胺 | 密度/(g/cm3) | Tg/℃ | 链间距/nm | 自由体积/(cm3/g) | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6FDA-ODA | 1.432 | 304 | 0.56 | 0.1142 | [ |
6FDA-MDA | 1.400 | 304 | 0.56 | 0.1143 | [ |
6FDA-m-PD | 1.474 | 298 | — | 0.160 | [ |
6FDA-p-PD | 1.473 | 351 | — | 0.161 | [ |
6FDA-DABA | 1.590 | 327 | 0.53 | 0.153 | [ |
图6 炭分子筛膜的狭缝状孔结构及双峰孔径分布[22]
Fig.6 A simplified idealized slit-like pore structures and bimodal distribution of pores in carbon molecular sieve membranes[22]
图7 (a)无氧条件下热解的未掺杂结构;(b)掺杂足够氧的最佳选择结构;(c)热解时引入高含量氧的过掺杂结构[39]
Fig.7 (a) Undoped structure when pyrolyzed without oxygen; (b) Optimal selective structure with adequate amount of oxygen doped; (c) Overdoped structure when slightly higher oxygen was introduced during pyrolysis[39]
图10 热交联溴化6FDA基聚酰亚胺(BMPI)结构和炭分子筛膜对CO2/CH4的分离性能[62]
Fig.10 Structure of thermally crosslinkable brominated 6FDA-based polyimide (BMPI) and carbon molecular sieve membranes performance for CO2/CH4 separation[62]
图11 (a) 炭分子筛膜的结构;(b) 250℃以上和以下强烈老化后的炭分子筛膜的结构变化;(c) 炭分子筛膜中超微孔的分布[66]
Fig.11 (a) The structure of the carbon molecular sieve membranes; (b) Structural changes in carbon molecular sieve membranes after being hyperaged below and above 250 °C; (c) Distribution of ultramicropores in carbon molecular sieve membranes[66]
图12 XS1(共沸亚胺化)和XS4(化学亚胺化)的分离性能及与2008年和2015年Robeson上限的比较[75]
Fig.12 Separation performance of XS1 (azeotropic imidization) and XS4 (chemical imidization) and comparison to 2008 and 2015 Robeson upper bound[75]
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摘要 469
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