图1 部分传统和过程强化液-液非均相反应器

Fig.1 Some traditional and process-intensified liquid-liquid heterogeneous reactors

图2 不同结构的叶轮(a); 叶轮类型对稳态压降尺寸d32的影响与平均能量耗散率ε¯的关系(b)[44]

Fig.2 Impellers of different structures (a); influence of the impeller type on the steady state drop size d32 in correlation with the mean energy dissipation rate ε¯ (b)[44]

图3 不同结构的弯管反应器

Fig.3 Curved tube reactors with different structures

图4 不同几何结构的静态混合器

Fig.4 Static mixers with different geometric structures

图5 微反应器内液体常见流动型式

Fig. 5 Common liquid flow patterns in microreactors

图6 温控超声微反应器的构造(a); 反应温度、反应物流速和超声波对甲苯转化率的影响(b); 不同微通道尺寸超声增强率的比较(c)[70]

Fig. 6 Configuration of the temperature-controlled ultrasonic microreactor (a); effects of reaction temperatures, reactant flow rates and ultrasound on conversion of toluene (b); comparison of ultrasound enhancement ratio with varying dimension of microchannel (c)[70]

图7 不同几何形状微通道结构

Fig.7 Micro-channels with different geometric structures

图8 配置微混合器的微反应器示意图、加工板细节和微混合室的几何结构和尺寸(a); 具有收缩-膨胀结构和三角形障碍物的微通道几何模型(b)；四种不同微通道反应器模型（混合器Ⅰ─具有收缩-膨胀结构和三角形障碍物的微通道反应器;混合器Ⅱ─具有收缩-膨胀结构的微通道反应器；混合器Ⅲ─具有三角形障碍物的直管微通道反应器；以及没有任何混合结构的光滑通道-直管微通道反应器）(c)；不同微混合结构对异丁烷/1-丁烯混合物在H2SO4相中分散性能的影响(d)[95]

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of the microreactor configured with a micro-mixer, process plate details and geometric constructure and dimensions of the micro-mixing cell (a); geometric model of the microchannel with contraction-expansion structures and triangular obstacles (b); physical models of four different microchannels (Mixer Ⅰ─microchannel with contraction-expansion structures and triangular obstacles; Mixer Ⅱ─microchannel with contraction-expansion structures; Mixer Ⅲ─straight-tube microchannel with triangular obstacles; smooth channel─straight-tube microchannel without any mixing structure) (c); effects of different micro-mixing structures on the dispersion performance of the isobutane/1-butene mixture in the H2SO4 phase (d)[95]

图9 用于液-液非均相反应的旋转填充床反应器示意图(a); 通过旋转填充床将水分散在丁醛中所得实验样品的显微照片(b); 超重力水平对不同体系混合效率的影响(c); 反应物浓度对混合结果的影响(d); 液体流量对混合效率的影响(e); 分散相分数对混合效率的影响(f)[114]

Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the rotating packed bed reactor for liquid-liquid heterogeneous reactions (a); micrograph of samples from dispersed experiments in rotating packed bed (water dispersed in butanal) (b); effects of the high‐gravity level on mixing efficiencies of different systems (c); effects of the reactant concentration on mixing efficiencies (d); effects of the liquid flow rate on mixing efficiencies (e); effects of the dispersed phase fraction on mixing efficiencies (f) [114]