亚毫米气泡和常规尺寸气泡气液两相流流动与传质特性对比

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230782

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过实验和数值模拟系统研究了亚毫米气泡鼓泡塔与常规鼓泡塔在流动和传质特性上的区别，并建立了适用于亚毫米气泡气液两相流流动和传质过程的数值模拟方法。研究结果表明，相比常规鼓泡塔，相同操作条件下亚毫米气泡鼓泡塔的气泡尺寸分布更窄，平均尺寸降至前者3%左右，气含率提高2倍以上，比表面积提高2个数量级。另外亚毫米气泡气液两相流中气液径向分布更均匀，轴向返混程度更小。亚毫米气泡鼓泡塔的相界面积是强化传质的关键控制因素，其液相传质系数虽低于常规鼓泡塔，但依靠巨大的相界面积，其体积传质系数是常规鼓泡塔的10倍左右。针对大规模鼓泡塔反应器的模拟结果也表明，亚毫米气泡可使反应器达到更均匀的气含率分布，受初始气液分布的影响小。

关键词: 亚毫米气泡, 鼓泡塔, 气液两相流, 传质, 数值模拟, 过程强化

Abstract:

The differences in flow and mass transfer characteristics between a sub-millimeter bubble column and a conventional bubble column were explored systematically by using experimental and numerical simulation methods. A specific numerical simulation approach was proposed for the flow and mass transfer processes of sub-millimeter bubbles in gas-liquid bubbly flow. The results reveal that, under comparable operating conditions, the size distribution of bubbles in sub-millimeter bubble columns is narrower, with an average size reduced to approximately 3% of that observed in conventional columns. Moreover, the gas holdup increases by over two-fold, and the interfacial area enhances by two orders of magnitude. In addition, the radial distribution of gas and liquid in the submillimeter bubble gas-liquid two-phase flow is more uniform, and the degree of axial backmixing is smaller. Notably, the interfacial area within sub-millimeter bubble columns plays a pivotal role in intensifying mass transfer, even though their liquid-side mass transfer coefficient is lower compared to conventional columns. Leveraging the substantial interfacial area, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient within sub-millimeter bubble columns is approximately ten times that within conventional columns. Notably, simulation outcomes for large-scale bubble column reactors indicate that sub-millimeter bubbles have the potential to yield a more uniform gas holdup distribution, thereby exhibiting reduced sensitivity to initial gas-liquid distribution effects.

Key words: sub-millimeter bubble, bubble column, gas-liquid two-phase flow, mass transfer, numerical simulation, process intensification

中图分类号:

TQ 021.4

崔怡洲, 李成祥, 翟霖晓, 刘束玉, 石孝刚, 高金森, 蓝兴英. 亚毫米气泡和常规尺寸气泡气液两相流流动与传质特性对比[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 197-210.

Yizhou CUI, Chengxiang LI, Linxiao ZHAI, Shuyu LIU, Xiaogang SHI, Jinsen GAO, Xingying LAN. Comparative study on the flow and mass transfer characteristics of sub-millimeter bubbles and conventional bubbles in gas-liquid two-phase flow[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(1): 197-210.

图/表 18

图1 气液两相流实验装置

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus

图2 表观气速对两种鼓泡塔内气泡尺寸的影响

Fig.2 Influence of superficial gas velocity on bubble size in two types of bubble columns

图3 气泡尺寸分布

Fig.3 Bubble size distribution

图4 表观气速对两种鼓泡塔整体气含率的影响

Fig.4 Influence of superficial gas velocity on the global gas holdup in two types of bubble columns

图5 表观气速对两种鼓泡塔比表面积的影响

Fig.5 Influence of superficial gas velocity on the specific interfacial area in two types of bubble columns

图6 时均气含率云图

Fig.6 The contour of time-averaged gas holdup

图7 两种鼓泡塔气含率径向分布对比

Fig.7 Radial distribution comparison of gas holdup in two types of bubble columns

图8 气速对两种鼓泡塔液相平均停留时间的影响

Fig.8 Influence of superficial gas velocity on the average liquid residence time in two types of bubble columns

图9 两种鼓泡塔停留时间分布密度对比

Fig.9 Comparison of residence time distribution density in two types of bubble columns

图10 表观气速对两种鼓泡塔Peclet数的影响

Fig.10 Influence of superficial gas velocity on the Peclet number in two types of bubble columns

图11 不同表观气速下的气泡图像

Fig.11 Images of bubbles at different superficial gas velocities

图12 网格无关性考察

Fig.12 Grid independence verification

图13 两种比较方式示意图

Fig.13 Schematic representation of two comparison methods

表1 传质实验操作条件总结

Table 1 Summary of the operating conditions of the mass transfer experiments

对比方式	实验编号	表观气速/（m/s）	表观液速/(m/s)	鼓泡塔入口处液相CO₂浓度/(mol/L)	d₃₂/mm
基准	Exp.1	0.03226	0.04247	0.0384	0.312
对比方式1	Exp.2	0.06717	0.04247	0	7.77
对比方式2	Exp.3	0.03226	0.04247	0.0384	8.12

图14 亚毫米气泡与毫米气泡传质效果对比

Fig.14 Comparison of mass transfer between sub-millimeter bubbles and millimeter bubbles

图15 液相CO2浓度分布云图

Fig.15 The contour of CO2 concentration in the liquid phase

图16 亚毫米气泡与毫米气泡液相传质系数、气相比表面积以及体积传质系数对比

Fig.16 Comparison of liquid side mass transfer coefficient, gas-liquid interfacial area, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient between sub-millimeter bubbles and millimeter bubbles

图17 大规模鼓泡塔反应器气含率分布

Fig.17 Gas holdup distribution in a large-scale bubble column reactor

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