用于HTPB推进剂浆料的静态混合管数值模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240413

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB）推进剂中固化剂和黏合剂的充分混合对推进剂性能至关重要，SK型静态混合管能实现高黏度流体的充分混合。采用Minilab微型双螺杆流变仪测量了推进剂浆料的黏切曲线。通过计算流体力学对应用于HTPB推进剂药浆的SK型静态混合管进行了数值模拟，分析了SK型静态混合管的入口流速、元件个数和元件长径比与压降和混合效果之间的关系。数值模拟表明，压降与入口流速成正比，与元件个数线性相关，45%以上的阻力损失都集中在混合管用于挤出成型的出口喷嘴处。8个混合单元可完成99.9%的混合，12个混合单元可完成99.99%的混合。长径比减小时，径向上的二次流加剧。长径比从0.5增加到1.25，可以在加强混合的同时降低能耗。

关键词: 数值模拟, 计算流体力学, 静态混合, 非牛顿流体, 聚合物

Abstract:

Adequate mixing of the curing agent and binder in hydroterminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellants is critical to propellant performance, and the kenics static mixing tube enables adequate mixing of high-viscosity fluids. The viscous shear curve of the propellant slurry was measured using a Minilab miniature twin-screw rheometer. Numerical simulations of the kenics static mixing tube for HTPB propellant slurries has been carried out by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the relationship between the inlet flow rate, the number of elements and the element length-to-diameter ratio of the kenics static mixing tube and the pressure drop and mixing effect. Numerical simulations show that the pressure drop is proportional to the inlet flow rate and linearly related to the number of elements, and more than 45% of the pressure loss is concentrated at the nozzle of the mixing tube for extrusion moulding. 8 mixing units can complete 99.9% of the mixing, and 12 mixing units can complete 99.99% of the mixing. The secondary flow in the radial direction increases as the L/D ratio decreases. An increase in the L/D ratio from 0.5 to 1.25 enhances mixing and reduces energy consumption at the same time.

Key words: numerical simulation, computational fluid dynamics, static mixing, non-Newtonian fluids, polymers

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

郭骐瑞, 任丽媛, 陈康, 黄翔宇, 马卫华, 肖乐勤, 周伟良. 用于HTPB推进剂浆料的静态混合管数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 206-216.

Qirui GUO, Liyuan REN, Kang CHEN, Xiangyu HUANG, Weihua MA, Leqin XIAO, Weiliang ZHOU. Numerical simulation of static mixing tubes for HTPB propellant slurry[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(S1): 206-216.

图/表 14

图1 SK型静态混合管示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of kenics static mixing tube

表1 静态混合管的几何参数

Table 1 Geometrical parameters of static mixing tube

参数	数值	参数	数值
元件扭转角θ	±180°	混合管管径D	6.4 mm
元件直径D	6.4 mm	元件个数	4~16
元件长度L	3.2~11.8 mm	元件连接距离s	0.8 mm
长径比L/D	0.5~2.0	出口管径d	1.28 mm
元件厚度W	0.64 mm	出口长度l	17 mm

图2 使用不同网格尺寸模拟获得的SK型静态混合管的压降

Fig.2 Pressure drop across the Kenics static mixing tubes obtained using different mesh sizes for simulation

表2 药浆组分配方

Table 2 Formulation of slurry components

组成		质量分数
组成		组分甲	组分乙
黏合剂	预聚体	13.3%	—
黏合剂	HTPB	—	10.1%
增塑剂	DOS	3.7%	3.9%
氧化剂	K₂SO₄	65%	12.6%
氧化剂	CaCO₃	—	12.6%
燃烧剂	Al	18%	60.9%

图3 入口组分的流动曲线

Fig.3 Flow curves of the inlet component

表3 入口组分的黏度拟合结果

Table 3 Viscosity fitting results of inlet components

组分	剪切速率/s^-1	黏切曲线	R²
甲	40~400	$η = \frac{356.92}{1 + {(0.00282 γ)}^{0.83}}$	0.9896
乙	30~63	$η = 3.95 γ^{0.60}$	0.9811
	63~110	$η = 47.91 γ^{0}$	0.9814
	110~600	$η = 83.04 γ^{- 0.11}$	0.9986

表3 入口组分的黏度拟合结果

Table 3 Viscosity fitting results of inlet components

组分	剪切速率/s^-1	黏切曲线	R²
甲	40~400	$η = \frac{356.92}{1 + {(0.00282 γ)}^{0.83}}$	0.9896
乙	30~63	$η = 3.95 γ^{0.60}$	0.9811
	63~110	$η = 47.91 γ^{0}$	0.9814
	110~600	$η = 83.04 γ^{- 0.11}$	0.9986

图4 影响SK型静态混合管压降的因素

Fig.4 Factors affecting pressure drop of kenics static mixing tube

表4 SK型静态混合管不同区域的压降

Table 4 Pressure drop in different regions of kenics static mixing tube

部件	压降/kPa
入口结构	16.095±0.007
第一个混合单元	41.615±0.103
第二个混合单元	49.845±0.058
第三个混合单元	51.281±0.052
其他的混合单元	50.630±0.138
最后一个混合单元	48.006±0.183
出口结构	690.27±0.152

图5 SK型静态混合管流场的涡结构

Fig.5 Vortex structure of the flow field of kenics static mixing tube

图6 影响SK型静态混合管混合效果的因素

Fig.6 Factors affecting mixing effect of the kenics static mixing tube

图7 不同长径比的第6个混合元件中间截面的剪切速率云图和黏度云图

Fig.7 Shear rate cloud and viscosity cloud at the middle section of the 6th mixing unit with different L/D ratio

表5 不同长径比第6个混合元件中间截面的平均黏度

Table 5 Average viscosity at the middle section of the 6th mixing element with different L/D ratios

L/D	平均黏度/(Pa·s)
L/D	组分甲	组分乙	混合物
0.5	322.48	26.35	174.59
1.25	335.36	18.27	176.93
2	337.98	16.53	177.32

图8 混合元件出口截面Ca元素的EDS mapping扫描图

Fig.8 EDS mapping scan of Ca elements of the outlet-cross section of the kenics static mixing tube

图9 混合元件出口截面的体积分数云图

Fig.9 Volume fraction cloud of the outlet-cross section of the mixing unit

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