用废弃煤矸石制备高比表面积的SiO2-Al2O3二元复合气凝胶

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20161577

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以兖州煤矸石为原料，经过低温焙烧、酸浸除杂、碱熔活化，采用溶胶-凝胶法和真空干燥法制备完整的块状SiO₂-Al₂O₃二元复合气凝胶。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、氮气吸附等检测手段对原料、SiO₂-Al₂O₃气凝胶及其制备过程中得到的中间产物的物理、化学特性进行表征，研究SiO₂-Al₂O₃凝胶的形成机制。实验结果表明，煤矸石经过酸浸除去了大部分的铁、钾、碱土金属等杂质。在经过碱熔活化后，煤矸石主要组分石英和高岭石均转化为非晶态，反应活性提高。制备得到的SiO₂-Al₂O₃气凝胶是以Si-O-Si、Si-O-Al网络结构为骨架的非晶态纳米颗粒聚集体，其堆积密度0.37 g·cm^-3，比表面积483 m²·g^-1，比孔容1.87 cm³·g^-1，平均孔径10.29 nm，最可几孔径9.32 nm，具有较好的介孔特征。

关键词: 氧化硅, 氧化铝, 废物处理, 煤矸石, 酸浸, 碱熔活化, 溶胶-凝胶, 气凝胶

Abstract:

SiO₂-Al₂O₃ aerogel has been synthesized by sol-gel method followed by vacuum drying from Yanzhou coal gangue. Coal gangue was treated in the sequence of low temperature calcination, acid leaching, alkali-activation and sol-gel method. The physical and chemical characteristics of coal gangue, SiO₂-Al₂O₃ aerogel and the intermediate products during the synthesizing process were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption, and the gelation mechanism of SiO₂-Al₂O₃ was studied. The results showed that both quartz and kaolinite, which were the main constituents of coal gangue, were transformed into amorphous state after alkali-activation. The SiO₂-Al₂O₃ aerogel was an aggregation of amorphous nanoparticles formed by Si-O-Si, Si-O-Al network skeleton. The SiO₂-Al₂O₃ aerogel had a bulk density of 0.37 g·cm^-3, a BET specific surface area of 483 m²·g^-1 and a mesoporous structure with a specific pore volume of 1.87 cm³·g^-1 and an average pore diameter of 10.29 nm with most probable pore size of 9.32 nm.

Key words: silica, alumina, waste treatment, coal gangue, acid leaching, alkali-activation, sol-gel, aerogel

中图分类号:

TQ09

刘博, 刘墨祥, 陈晓平. 用废弃煤矸石制备高比表面积的SiO₂-Al₂O₃二元复合气凝胶[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(5): 2096-2104.

LIU Bo, LIU Moxiang, CHEN Xiaoping. Preparation of SiO₂-Al₂O₃ composite aerogel with high specific surface area by sol-gel method from coal gangue[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(5): 2096-2104.

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用废弃煤矸石制备高比表面积的SiO₂-Al₂O₃二元复合气凝胶

Preparation of SiO₂-Al₂O₃ composite aerogel with high specific surface area by sol-gel method from coal gangue

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