心血管中药方剂暖心方微波提取

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181392

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

因煎煮法等传统萃取方法不适用于提取热稳定性低的成分、萃取率不高，且目前研究主要集中于对单一药材的提取，故本研究使用微波提取技术提取中药复方（暖心方）中的有效成分；采用HPLC技术对提取液中有效成分含量进行分析；采用单因素实验法探究微波功率、萃取时间、提取次数三个因素对提取工艺的影响；此外，通过SEM对细胞破壁情况分析，了解其微波提取机理。实验结果显示，微波提取有效成分的最佳提取条件为：微波功率1200 W、萃取时间40 min、提取次数1次。与传统加热萃取法相比，微波辅助萃取技术能明显地缩短萃取时间，实现了节能高效。微波辐射因能深入并作用于中药材内部，使细胞壁破损，更好地将中药材中的有效成分析出。

关键词: 微波, 萃取, 药物, 暖心方, SEM, 机理

Abstract:

Related researches show that traditional extraction methods, like decoction, are not suitable for extracting components with low thermal stability and the extraction rates are not high. At the same time, the current researches focus on the extraction of single herbs. Thus, in this paper, the microwave extraction technique was used to extract the active components in the warm-heart, a traditional Chinese medicine compound. The HPLC method was used to analyze the content of active ingredients in the extract. The factors influencing the extraction process, which is microwave power, extraction time and the number of times of extraction respectively, were investigated by single factor experiment. In addition, the cell wall breaking condition was analyzed by SEM to understand its microwave extraction mechanism. The experimental results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of microwave extraction active components were: microwave power 1200 W, extraction time 40 min, extraction times 1. Compared with the traditional heating extraction method, the microwave-assisted extraction technology could significantly shorten the extraction time and achieve energy saving and high efficiency. That was because microwave radiation could penetrate the inside of Chinese herbal medicines to break the cell wall and extract the effective formation of Chinese herbal medicines more efficiently.

Key words: microwave, extraction, pharmaceuticals, warm-heart, scanning electron microscopy, mechanism

中图分类号:

R 331

刘丹彤, 郑成, 毛桃嫣. 心血管中药方剂暖心方微波提取[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(S1): 115-123.

Dantong LIU, Cheng ZHENG, Taoyan MAO. Microwave extraction of cardiovascular Chinese medicine formula warming heart[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S1): 115-123.

图/表 12

图1 微波功率对提取液中有效成分浓度的影响

Fig.1 Effect of microwave power on concentration of active ingredients in extract

图2 萃取时间对提取液中有效成分浓度的影响

Fig.2 Effect of extraction time on concentration of active ingredients in extract

图3 提取次数对提取液中有效成分浓度的影响

Fig.3 Effect of extraction times on concentration of active ingredients in extract

表1 不同萃取方法的比较

Table 1 Comparison of different extraction methods

萃取方法	萃取时间/ min	有效成分浓度/(μg/ml)
传统加热萃取法	40	2.7
微波法（1000 W）	8	3.4

图4 微波辅助萃取对附子细胞微观结构的影响

Fig.4 Effect of microwave-assisted extraction on microstructure of aconite cells

图5 微波辅助萃取对红参片细胞微观结构的影响

Fig.5 Effect of microwave-assisted extraction on microstructure of red ginseng cells

图6 微波辅助萃取对薏仁细胞微观结构的影响

Fig.6 Effect of microwave-assisted extraction on microstructure of coix seed cells

图7 微波辅助萃取对橘红细胞微观结构的影响

Fig.7 Effect of microwave-assisted extraction on microstructure of chrysoidine cells

图8 不同萃取方法对附子细胞微观结构的影响

Fig.8 Effects of different extraction methods on microstructure of aconite cells

图9 不同萃取方法对红参片细胞微观结构的影响

Fig.9 Effects of different extraction methods on microstructure of red ginseng cells

图10 不同萃取方法对橘红细胞微观结构的影响

Fig.10 Effects of different extraction methods on microstructure of chrysoidine cells

图11 不同萃取方法对薏仁细胞微观结构的影响

Fig.11 Effects of different extraction methods on microstructure of coix seed cells

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