充装量及筒体长度对车载LNG气瓶共振频率影响的数值模拟分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190432

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以大容积车载液化天然气(LNG)气瓶为研究对象，分析不同充装量和不同筒体长度下的各阶共振频率随这两个参数变化的规律。当筒体长度不变时，随着充装量的增加，气瓶共振频率逐渐减小，按照标准最大允许充装率90%时，气瓶一阶共振频率已减小到国标允许的40 Hz以下，使用时容易引起气瓶内胆轴向窜动引发失效。当充装率90%保持不变时，随着筒体长度的增加，气瓶共振频率也呈现减小的趋势，当筒体长度为原长的0.8倍时，气瓶共振频率便低于40 Hz，而且随着长度增加将进一步降低，产生共振可能性加大，不满足国家对车载气瓶共振频率的要求。上述研究说明，评价气瓶抗振性能时应考虑内部介质充装率的影响，建议采用最大充装率为90%的气瓶作为判定该类型气瓶共振频率是否达标的条件。另一方面，当采用增加筒体长度扩大盛液容积时要注意共振频率随筒体长度降低的问题，避免结构振动破坏。

关键词: 车载LNG气瓶, 数值模拟, 共振频率, 动态仿真, 力学性能, 充装量, 筒体长度

Abstract:

Taking the large-capacity liquefied natural gas (LNG) gas cylinder as the research object, the variation of the resonance frequency under different filling amount and different cylinder length with these two parameters is analyzed. When the length of the cylinder is constant, as the filling amount increases, the resonance frequency of the cylinder gradually decreases. When the maximum allowable filling rate is 90% according to the standard, the first-order resonance frequency of the cylinder has been reduced to below 40 Hz allowed by the national standard. When used, it is easy to cause axial collapse of the cylinder liner to fail. When the filling rate is 90%, the resonance frequency of the cylinder also decreases with the increase of the length of the cylinder. When the length of the cylinder is 0.8 times of the original length, the resonance frequency of the cylinder is lower than 40 Hz. As the length increases, it will be further reduced, and the possibility of resonance will increase, which does not meet the national requirements for the resonance frequency of the vehicle cylinder. The above results showed that the evaluation of the internal medium filling ratio should be considered when evaluating the anti-vibration performance of the cylinder. It is recommended to use a cylinder with a maximum filling rate of 90% as a condition for determining whether the resonance frequency of the cylinder is up to standard. On the other hand, when increasing the volume of the cylinder to increase the volume of the liquid, it is necessary to pay attention to the problem that the resonance frequency decreases with the length of the cylinder to avoid structural vibration damage.

Key words: vehicle LNG cylinder, numerical simulation, resonance frequency, dynamic simulation, mechanical behavior, filling amount, cylinder length

中图分类号:

TH 49

刘蕊, 陈祖志, 黄强华, 古纯霖, 许海洋, 刘培启. 充装量及筒体长度对车载LNG气瓶共振频率影响的数值模拟分析[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(11): 4486-4496.

Rui LIU, Zuzhi CHEN, Qianghua HUANG, Chunlin GU, Haiyang XU, Peiqi LIU. Numerical simulation analysis of influence of filling amount and length of cylinder on resonance frequency of vehicle LNG cylinder[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(11): 4486-4496.

图/表 14

图1 气瓶的开裂失效

Fig.1 Cracking failure of cylinder

图2 气瓶的外壳结霜

Fig.2 Shell frosting of cylinder

图3 车载低温绝热气瓶的典型结构

Fig.3 Typical structure of a vehicle low temperature insulated gas cylinder

图4 车载LNG气瓶1/2模型和整体模型

Fig.4 1/2 model and overall model of vehicle LNG cylinder

图5 车载LNG气瓶有限元模型及观测点位置

Fig.5 Finite element model of vehicle LNG cylinder and observation point position

表1 前六阶固有频率

Table 1 The first-six order natural frequencies

阶数	固有频率/Hz
1	30.045
2	58.247
3	97.934
4	97.939
5	169.110
6	169.160

图6 气瓶内胆中部节点位移响应

Fig.6 Displacement response of the central node of gas cylinder

图7 气瓶前端支撑颈管根部节点位移响应

Fig.7 Displacement response of root node of the front supporting neck of gas cylinder

图8 气瓶后支撑棒前端节点位移响应

Fig.8 Displacement response of the front node of the back supporting rod of gas cylinder

表2 前三阶共振频率

Table 2 The first-three order resonance frequencies

阶数	共振频率/Hz
1	58.247
2	97.934
3	169.110

图9 空载下气瓶前三阶振型

Fig.9 The first-three order vibration pattern of cylinder under empty load

图10 不同充装率下的前三阶共振频率

Fig.10 The first-three order resonant frequency of different filling rate

图11 不同充装率下的一阶振型

Fig.11 First-order vibration pattern under different filling rate

图12 不同筒体长度下的共振频率

Fig.12 Resonance frequency of different cylinder lengths

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