单晶硅表面池沸腾可视化测量及数据分析

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181298

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对核态沸腾过程，利用高速摄像机和红外热成像设备对光滑、微坑、均匀微柱和槽型微柱四种不同单晶硅表面的沸腾现象进行了在线可视观测，获得了各表面气泡动力学演变过程及局部温度演变规律，揭露了基于动力学过程的沸腾强化机理。由沸腾曲线可知，光滑硅表面，沸腾起始过热度为6℃，而三种微结构表面，起沸过热度为3～4℃；同时，微坑、槽型微柱和均匀微柱表面核态沸腾的CHF较光滑表面分别提高了109%、129%和140%。动力学演变过程则证明了微坑的存在为核化沸腾提供了核化点，有效降低了核化能垒、缩短了壁面蓄能阶段的时长。微柱的存在大幅度增加了气泡核化密度，减小了脱离直径，缩短了脱离时间，促进了沸腾表面温度的均匀化。

关键词: 微结构, 池沸腾, 气泡动力学, 局部温度, 高速红外

Abstract:

The high-speed video and high-speed infrared were used to visual measure the boiling phenomenon on four kinds of monocrystalline silicon surfaces including smooth, cavity, pitch and groove-pitch surfaces. The dynamic evolution process and the local temperature evolution law reveal the boiling enhancement mechanism based on the dynamic process. For the smooth silicon surface, the superheat is 6℃ when the boiling starts under low heat transfer, and this superheat is around 3－4℃ for the three micro-structured surfaces. In addition, compared with the smooth surface, the CHF for cavity, groove-pitch and pitch surfaces are increased by 109%, 129% and 140%, respectively. According to the dynamic evolution of bubble, cavities provide the nucleation sites, decrease the nucleation barrier energy and shrink the energy accumulation stage. Pitches significant increase nucleation sites, decrease departure diameter and departure time of bubbles, which uniform the boiling surface temperature.

Key words: micro-structure, pool boiling, bubble dynamics, local temperature, high-speed infrared

中图分类号:

TK 121

陈宏霞, 孙源, 宫逸飞, 黄林滨. 单晶硅表面池沸腾可视化测量及数据分析[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1309-1317.

Hongxia CHEN, Yuan SUN, Yifei GONG, Linbin HUANG. Visual measurement and data analysis of pool boiling on silicon surfaces[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4): 1309-1317.

图/表 12

图1 池沸腾实验台

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of pool boiling facility

图2 微结构表面

Fig.2 Sketch of boiling surfaces

图3 加热膜电阻与温度的关系

Fig.3 Temperature vs resistance calibration curves for heating films

图4 Ti/Si表面发射率随温度变化的校核曲线

Fig.4 Emissivity vs temperature calibration curves of Ti/Si surface

图5 沸腾曲线

Fig.5 Boiling curves

图6 气泡动力学参数与有效热通量的关系曲线

Fig.6 Curves of bubble departure diameters and departure period vs heat flux

图7 不同表面上沸腾气泡高速图片

Fig.7 High-speed pictures of bubbles on different micro-structures

图8 均匀微柱结构沸腾初期核化点分布

Fig.8 Distribution of nucleation points in initial boiling of uniform microcolumn structure

图9 光滑表面单个孤立气泡在完整周期内的温度演变规律

Fig.9 Infrared (IR) images for a single bubble in life-cycle at q″=89 kW/m2,130 kW/m2

图10 完整气泡生长周期内气泡中心线上温度分布的演变规律

Fig.10 Evolution of temperature distribution along central line of bubble

图11 微结构表面沸腾气泡形成脱离过程

Fig.11 A nucleate boiling circle on boiling surfaces

图12 沸腾表面气泡中心点处壁面温度的周期变化曲线

Fig.12 Nucleate boiling circle on pitch surface

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