十二烷基硫酸钠对膜蒸馏过程影响

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181266

化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (4): 1455-1463.DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181266

十二烷基硫酸钠对膜蒸馏过程影响

袁子怡^1,²(),樊华¹(),侯得印^2,³,王凯⁴,王军³

1. 南昌大学资源环境与化工学院，鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室，江西南昌 330031
2. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室，北京 100085
3. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室，北京 100085
4. 河北工业大学化工学院，天津 300000

收稿日期:2018-10-29 修回日期:2019-01-09 出版日期:2019-04-05 发布日期:2019-04-05
通讯作者: 樊华
作者简介:<named-content content-type="corresp-name">袁子怡</named-content>（1993—），女，硕士研究生，<email>1919050893@qq.com</email>|樊华（1963—），女，学士，副教授，<email>859833571@ qq.com</email>|侯得印（1980—），男，博士，副研究员，<email>dyhou@rcees.ac.cn</email>
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51478454)

Effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate in DCMD process

Ziyi YUAN^1,²(),Hua FAN¹(),Deyin HOU^2,³,Kai WANG⁴,Jun WANG³

1. Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
2. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Environment Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
4. School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300000, China

Received:2018-10-29 Revised:2019-01-09 Online:2019-04-05 Published:2019-04-05
Contact: Hua FAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜蒸馏具有较低的操作压力、操作温度以及运行成本等优点，因此在水处理方面有广泛的应用前景。但是膜蒸馏过程中的膜润湿和膜污染现象仍然是阻碍其工业化应用的主要问题。表面活性剂作为一种能显著降低溶液表面张力、改变进料液性质的物质，对膜蒸馏造成的影响值得被研究。基于此，研究了在直接接触式膜蒸馏（DCMD）过程中表面活性剂对不同商业微孔疏水膜造成的影响，选用了一种常见的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)进行实验。结果表明，进料液中SDS浓度的上升会引起更为严重的膜润湿现象，并且所使用的三种商业膜中，双疏膜抗润湿性最强，而PVDF膜最弱。而当Ca²⁺大量存在于进料液中时，Ca²⁺与SDS的聚集降低了膜润湿的程度但其在膜表面的沉积造成了严重的膜污染。界面相互作用自由能的计算结果表明Ca²⁺/SDS与PVDF膜之间的吸引力最大、PTFE膜其次、双疏膜最小，这一结果与膜蒸馏过程中通量变化情况相符。

关键词: 膜, 蒸馏, 表面活性剂, 膜润湿, 膜污染

Abstract:

Membrane distillation (MD) has the advantages of low operating pressure, operating temperature and operating cost, so it has broad application prospects in water treatment. But the wetting and fouling during the MD process will reduce the efficiency of it, which hiders its steps of industrialization. There are many factors that may lead to wetting and fouling, the existence of surfactant is one of them. Surfactant can lower the surface tension of the solution significantly, and might change the property of the feed solution as well. This research add sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into the salty water as feed solution to study the effects of surfactant on direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process. The wetting and fouling phenomenon was studied as a function of the SDS concentration, the valence of the added electrolyte, and the different membranes. And results showed that the increase of SDS concentration would make the wetting more severe. It can also be concluded that the omniphobic membrane was the first while the PVDF membrane was the last in an order of the resistance to wetting. When changing NaCl into CaCl₂, the aggregations of Ca²⁺ and SDS weaken the wetting phenomenon but their deposits on membrane lead a fouling. The interaction energies between the colloid and the membrane surface were calculated. And the data manifested that the attraction of PVDF membrane was the largest while the omniphobic membrane was the smallest, which was consistent with the experimental results.

Key words: membrane, distillation, surfactant, membrane fouling, membrane wetting

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

袁子怡, 樊华, 侯得印, 王凯, 王军. 十二烷基硫酸钠对膜蒸馏过程影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1455-1463.

Ziyi YUAN, Hua FAN, Deyin HOU, Kai WANG, Jun WANG. Effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate in DCMD process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4): 1455-1463.

图/表 13

图1 直接接触膜蒸馏实验流程

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental setup of DCMD

表1 实验用膜相关参数

Table 1 Characteristics of selected membranes

LEP_w ^①/

图2 三种膜的电镜及AFM图

Fig.2 SEM and AFM three-dimensional images of three membranes

图3 溶液表面张力随SDS浓度增加的变化

Fig.3 Changes of surface tensions with increase of SDS concentrations in sodium chloride solutions

图4 不同液体在三种待测膜上的接触角

Fig.4 Contact angels of three membranes with different liquids

图5 PTFE膜膜蒸馏实验中通量与电导率随时间的变化

Fig.5 Fluxes and conductivities for PTFE membrane in DCMD

图6 PVDF膜膜蒸馏实验中通量与电导率随时间的变化

Fig.6 Fluxes and conductivities for PVDF membrane in DCMD

图7 双疏膜膜蒸馏实验中通量与电导率随时间的变化

Fig.7 Fluxes and conductivities for omniphobic membrane in DCMD

图8 SDS单体在膜表面吸附

Fig.8 Adsorption of surfactant unimers on membrane surface

图9 进料液中加入Ca2+后膜蒸馏实验中归一化通量与电导率随时间的变化

Fig.9 Changes of normalized fluxes and conductivities over time in DCMD process with addition of Ca2+ in feed solutions

表2 三种测试剂的表面张力参数

Table 2 Surface tension parameters of three probe liquids

Liquid	γ ^LW/(mJ/m²)	γ ⁺/(mJ/m²)	γ ^?/(mJ/m²)	γ ^TOT/(mJ/m²)
pure water	21.8	25.5	25.5	72.8
glycerine	34.0	3.9	57.4	64.0
diiodomethane	50.8	0.0	0.0	50.8

表3 检测液体在待测物表面接触角及待测物表面张力参数

Samples	Contact angle/(°)			Surface tension/(mJ/m²)
Samples	θ _W ^①	θ _G ^②	θ _D ^③	$γ S L W$	$γ S +$	$γ S -$
PTFE	130.8	120.7	100.1	9.94	7.92×10^?3	1.21
PVDF	128.5	118.9	99.7	9.50	6.24×10^?4	0.54
omniphobic	132.8	122.7	100.6	9.69	1.44×10^?4	0.9
foulant	61.1	72.7	68.1	27.94	0.58	13.76

表3 检测液体在待测物表面接触角及待测物表面张力参数

Samples	Contact angle/(°)			Surface tension/(mJ/m²)
Samples	θ _W ^①	θ _G ^②	θ _D ^③	$γ S L W$	$γ S +$	$γ S -$
PTFE	130.8	120.7	100.1	9.94	7.92×10^?3	1.21
PVDF	128.5	118.9	99.7	9.50	6.24×10^?4	0.54
omniphobic	132.8	122.7	100.6	9.69	1.44×10^?4	0.9
foulant	61.1	72.7	68.1	27.94	0.58	13.76

表4 污染物与膜表面间的界面相互作用自由能

Table 4 Interaction energy between foulant and membrane surfaces

Membrane	ΔG ^LW①/(mJ/m²)	ΔG ^AB②/(mJ/m²)	ΔG ^TOT③/(mJ/m²)
PVDF	1.96	－47.92	－45.96
PTFE	1.87	－43.82	－41.95
omniphobic	1.92	－42.63	－40.71

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十二烷基硫酸钠对膜蒸馏过程影响

Effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate in DCMD process

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