超临界流体技术制备生物可降解聚合物/药物纳米微粒研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190852

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物可降解聚合物/药物纳米微粒在药物靶向递送、有效成分封装和医疗诊断等领域具有突出的优势。超临界流体超细微粒制备技术具有绿色环保、制备方法种类多、粒径易调节和后续分离纯化容易等特点，得到了广泛的研究。为了得到满足使用要求的聚合物/药物纳米微粒，超临界流体制粒技术是有效的手段之一。论述了生物可降解聚合物纳米材料的特点和应用情况，简要介绍了超临界流体及特性，重点介绍了超临界溶液快速膨胀(RESS)、超临界抗溶剂沉淀(SAS)、超临界CO₂辅助雾化(SAA)和超临界流体乳液萃取(SFEE)的工艺特点、制备方法、基本原理和研究进展，并对超临界流体技术制备聚合物/药物纳米微粒的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 超临界流体, 纳米微粒, 聚合物, 药物

Abstract:

Biodegradable polymers/drug nanoparticles have outstanding advantages in the fields of the drug targeted delivery, effective component encapsulation and medical diagnosis and so on. The nanoparticles preparation technologies from supercritical fluid have been widely studied because of its green environmental protection, many kinds of preparation methods, easy to adjust product quality according to the requirements of use, easy subsequent separation and purification, and so on. In order to obtain polymer/drug nanoparticles to meet the requirements, supercritical fluid granulation technology is one of the effective methods. The characteristics and applications of biodegradable polymer materials were discussed. Supercritical fluid and its characteristics were briefly introduced. The technological characteristics, preparing methods, basic principle and research progress on the rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS), supercritical anti-solvent precipitation (SAS), supercritical CO₂ assisted atomization (SAA) and supercritical fluid emulsion extraction (SFEE) were mainly introduced. The development directions of polymer/drug nanoparticles prepared by supercritical fluid technology were prospected.

Key words: supercritical fluid, nanoparticles, polymers, drug

中图分类号:

TB 34

詹世平, 丁仕强, 王卫京, 李鸣明, 赵启成. 超临界流体技术制备生物可降解聚合物/药物纳米微粒研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(3): 923-935.

Shiping ZHAN, Shiqiang DING, Weijing WANG, Mingming LI, Qicheng ZHAO. Research progress of biodegradable polymers/drug nanoparticles prepared by supercritical fluid technology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(3): 923-935.

图/表 6

图1 超临界状态和临界点纯物质(a)，恒温二元混合物(b)，恒压二元混合物(c)，恒温恒压三元混合物(d)

Fig.1 Supercritical states and critical points pure substance (a)， binary mixture at constant temperature (b), binary mixture at constant pressure (c) and ternary mixture at constant temperature and pressure (d)

图2 RESS过程的示意图[42]

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of RESS process[42]

图3 RESS过程中溶解度行为和膨胀路径[43]

Fig.3 Solubility behavior and expansion path in RESS process[43]

图4 SAS法聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)包封姜黄素[57]

Fig.4 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated curcumin using SAS process[57]

图5 SAA过程示意图[61]

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of SAA process[61]

图6 SFEE工艺过程的示意图[67]

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of SFEE process[67]

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