R410A制冷剂在润滑油中的动态析出特性的研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211463

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

制冷系统中的有效充注量的计算依赖于制冷剂在润滑油中的动态析出特性。本文的目的是通过实验研究制冷剂在润滑油中析出时质量分数随时间变化的特性，并建立预测制冷剂质量分数动态变化的数学模型。实验方面，采用了外压骤降时制冷剂会析出的原理，搭建了动态溶析实验台，通过测量溶液折射率得到了R410A制冷剂在POE68润滑油中析出时质量分数的实时变化。实验结果表明，随着压力的骤降，制冷剂几乎同步析出，质量分数呈现急速下降、缓慢下降并最后稳定的动态变化趋势；随着压降幅度的增大，制冷剂最大析出速率增大，质量分数每秒最大下降16.4%，制冷剂质量分数稳定的时间变短，最短仅有4 s。建模方面，基于一维质量扩散原理，开发了能够预测制冷剂质量分数随时间变化的析出模型。模型结果表明，质量分数预测值与实验数据的平均绝对误差小于5%，平均相对误差小于25%。

关键词: 二元混合物, 析出, 实验, 动态建模, 汽液平衡

Abstract:

Calculation of the effective charge of refrigerants in a refrigeration system depends on the separation characteristics of refrigerants in the oil-refrigerant mixture. In the present study, the mass fraction variation with time for the refrigerants in the oil-refrigerant mixture is experimentally measured, and a mathematical model is developed to predict the mass fraction variation. In the experiment investigation, an experiment rig was built based on the principle that the refrigerant will separate from the solution when the external pressure drops, and the real-time variation of the mass fraction of R410A separating from POE68 lubricant is obtained by measuring the refractive index of the solution. It is found that the liquid refrigerant almost simultaneously evaporates to separates from the mixture as the pressure sharply decreases; the mass fraction variation of refrigerants firstly rapidly decreases, then slowly decreases, and finally stabilizes; with the increase of pressure drop, the maximum separation rate of refrigerant is increased by up to 16.4% per second, and the stabilization time of the mass fraction for the refrigerants is maximally decreased to 4 s. In the model developing, a refrigerant separation model is developed to predict the mass fraction changes of refrigerant with time based on the one-dimensional mass diffusion principle. The results show that the average absolute error between the experimental data and predicted data is less than 5% and the average relative error is less than 25%.

Key words: binary mixture, separation, experiments, dynamic modeling, vapor-liquid equilibria

中图分类号:

TB 66

高欢, 丁国良, 周发贤, 庄大伟. R410A制冷剂在润滑油中的动态析出特性的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1054-1062.

Huan GAO, Guoliang DING, Faxian ZHOU, Dawei ZHUANG. Research on dynamic separation characteristics of R410A refrigerant with lubricant[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 1054-1062.

图/表 12

图1 实验装置1—制冷剂充注口; 2,3 —温度传感器; 4,13—压力传感器; 5 —视镜玻璃; 6— 激光反射镜; 7 —步进电机; 8 —激光位移传感器; 9— 线性模组; 10— 润滑油充注口及排液口; 11— 测试容器; 12,16— 阀门; 14 —制冷剂充注口; 15— 压力调节罐; 17 —真空泵

Fig.1 Experimental rig

表1 实验工况

Table 1 Experimental conditions

实验序号	蒸发温度/℃	总的制冷剂质量分数/%
1	10.3	55.3
2	9.6	61.0
3	7.4	56.1
4	5.2	58.9
5	4.7	58.1
6	4.3	60.1

图2 实际及理想激光光路示意图

Fig.2 Actual and imaginary optical path of laser

图3 实验位移数据处理

Fig.3 Processing of experimental displacement data

图4 制冷剂析出过程中液相制冷剂质量分数的变化

Fig.4 Variation of refrigerant mass fraction in the liquid phase during the refrigerant separation

图5 两种析出模式下制冷剂质量分数变化

Fig.5 Variation of refrigerant mass fraction in two different separation modes

图6 压降幅度对制冷剂析出速率的影响

Fig.6 Influence of pressure drop on the refrigerant separation rate

图7 压降幅度对制冷剂最大析出速率、稳定时间的影响

Fig.7 Influence of pressure drop on the maximum separation rate and the stabilization time

表2 制冷剂气相压力关联式的系数取值

Table 2 Correlation coefficients of refrigerant vapor phase pressure

系数	取值
a	-9.49×10
b	6.72×10^-1
c	-1.15×10^-3
d	1.75×10²
e	-1.21
f	2.05×10^-3

图8 液相制冷剂质量分数随深度的变化

Fig.8 Refrigerant mass fraction as a function of depth in the liquid phase

图9 两种析出模式下模型结果与实验数据的对比

Fig.9 Comparison between experimental data and predicted data for two separation modes

表3 制冷剂质量分数计算公式系数与预测结果误差

Table 3 Coefficient of refrigerant mass fraction calculation formula and the prediction error

实验序号	压力差/MPa	析出模式	D/ (10^-6 m²/s)	平均绝对误差/%	平均相对误差/%
1	0.52	缓慢	6.2	4.1	22.3
2	0.55	缓慢	6.4	4.1	18.3
3	0.63	缓慢	6.7	2.7	15.3
4	0.69	缓慢	7.5	4.2	20.3
5	0.70	快速	68	2.9	24.2
6	0.71	快速	73	1.8	13.1

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