化工学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (10): 4203-4209.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.10.060

• 其他 • 上一篇    

外浮顶罐油气泄漏的数值模拟

赵晨露1, 黄维秋1, 钟璟2, 王文捷1, 徐先阳1, 王英霞1   

  1. 1 常州大学油气储运技术省重点实验室, 江苏 常州 213016;
    2 常州大学石油化工学院, 江苏 常州 213164
  • 收稿日期:2014-02-25 修回日期:2014-06-13 出版日期:2014-10-05 发布日期:2014-10-05
  • 通讯作者: 黄维秋
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(21276029);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(11KJA610002);江苏省科技支撑计划(社会发展)(BE2011651);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目。

Numerical simulation of oil vapor leakage from external floating-roof tank

ZHAO Chenlu1, HUANG Weiqiu1, ZHONG Jing2, WANG Wenjie1, XU Xianyang1, WANG Yingxia1   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, Jiangsu, China;
    2 School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2014-02-25 Revised:2014-06-13 Online:2014-10-05 Published:2014-10-05
  • Supported by:

    supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21276029), the Major Research Plan of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (11KJA610002), the Sci-tech Support Plan of the Jiangsu Foundation for Social Development, China (BE2011651) and the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China.

摘要: 外浮顶罐油气泄漏扩散规律的研究对其油品蒸发损耗的评估及潜在危险的控制都具有重要意义。外浮顶罐油品蒸发损耗的一个主要途径是油气从浮盘边圈密封处泄漏。为此,对单浮盘环形密封圈的油气泄漏规律进行了数值模拟与实验对比,同时考察了罐直径、浮盘位置和风速大小对浮盘上风压分布的影响。研究结果表明:(1)油气泄漏的模拟结果与实验相吻合。(2)浮盘距罐顶的距离h与罐直径D的比值大于1/4时,垂直风向的浮盘两侧和上风侧最易泄漏。(3)浮盘上的风压分布规律受罐直径影响不大,但浮盘上方空间的高径比h/D和风速大小对其有较大影响。h/D较大时,浮盘中部的风压较低;h/D较小时,浮盘上风侧的风压较低;h/D在1/20~1/2范围内时,浮盘上下风侧风压均为负压;浮盘上的压差随着h/D比值的减小而增大。最后建议API外浮顶罐油气蒸发损耗评估公式中考虑h/D比值的影响。

关键词: 外浮顶罐, 油气泄漏, 数值模拟, 风压分布, 蒸发, 扩散

Abstract: It is important to investigate the oil vapor leakage and emission from external floating-roof tanks for the loss evaluation and potential danger control. The oil vapor leakage from the annular space between the rim and the tank shell is one of the major sources for the evaporation loss. The vapor leakages from the rim of the single-tray floating roof are simulated numerically using FLUENT and measured experimentally. The effects of tank diameter, roof level and wind speed v on the pressure distribution above the roof surface are investigated. The results are as follows. (1) Numerical results agree with the experimental data. (2) When the ratio of the distance h between floating-roof and tank top to the tank diameter D, h/D, is greater than 1/4, the vapor is more likely to leak from the two opposite sides of the annular space perpendicular to wind direction and the side of the annular space in the upwind. (3) Tank diameter has little effect on the pressure distribution above the roof surface, while h/D and v affect the pressure distribution. Larger h/D lowers the wind pressure of roof center, and smaller h/D lowers the upwind pressure above the roof. When h/D varies from 1/20 to 1/2, the upwind and downwind pressures are negative, and with the decrease of h/D, the differential pressure above the roof increases. API loss formula for external floating-roof tank is recommended to consider the effect of ratio h/D to improve the accuracy in loss evaluation.

Key words: external floating-roof tank, oil vapor leakage, numerical simulation, wind pressure distribution, evaporation, diffusion

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