化工学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (10): 3884-3891.DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20170128

• 能源和环境工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

金属氧化物对油页岩热解产物收率及组成分布的影响

王泽1,2, 史婉君1, 宋文立1,2, 李松庚1,2   

  1. 1 中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室, 北京 100190;
    2 中国科学院大学中丹学院, 北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-07 修回日期:2017-03-04 出版日期:2017-10-05 发布日期:2017-10-05
  • 通讯作者: 李松庚,sgli@ipe.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2014CB744304);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51476180)。

Effects of metal oxides on yields and compositions of products from pyrolysis of oil shale

WANG Ze1,2, SHI Wanjun1, SONG Wenli1,2, LI Songgeng1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    2 Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2017-02-07 Revised:2017-03-04 Online:2017-10-05 Published:2017-10-05
  • Supported by:

    supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB744304) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51476180).

摘要:

通过固定床反应器,对4种金属氧化物(Al2O3、MgO、CaO、Fe2O3)对油页岩热解所得油、气产率及成分的影响进行了研究。结果显示,碱性CaO对油、水、气、焦产率分布影响较为突出,可提高页岩油与半焦产率,并降低热解气产率;而酸性较强的Al2O3可同时提高页岩油、热解气和热解水的产率,有利于促进挥发分的析出;比较而言,MgO和Fe2O3的作用相对较弱。4种金属氧化物均可提高热解气中H2、CH4和C2的产率;CaO作用下CO2含量降低,而其他金属氧化物对CO2的产生有不同程度的促进作用;Fe2O3可促进H2产生;Al2O3作用下CH4含量有所增加。4种金属氧化物均可促进页岩油中芳香烃的产生,并且CaO和MgO两种碱土金属氧化物作用下,短链(C6~C12)烷烃和烯烃含量均增加,而掺混Al2O3时页岩油中仅短链(C6~C12)烷烃含量增加。对此机理进行推测认为,碱性CaO和MgO首先与以脂肪酸形式存在的有机质进行酸碱反应,得到脱羧活性更高的羧酸盐,后者脱羧所得中间产物具有生成烷烃或烯烃两条可能路径,同时得到碳酸盐;而在具有Lewis酸特征的Al2O3作用下,脱羧产物为CO2,并同时得到饱和烃产物。

关键词: 油页岩, 页岩灰, 热解, 金属氧化物, 催化

Abstract:

In the solid-solid mixing pyrolytic process,the ash or bed material may influence the pyrolytic behaviors of the oil shale.Thus,pyrolysis of oil shale mixed with four metal oxides Al2O3,MgO,CaO and Fe2O3 were investigated.The results showed that CaO had a strong influence to the yields of products,and particularly promotes the formations of shale oil and char,while decreases the yield of gas product.On the contrary,Al2O3 in acidic property can most distinctly promote the devolatilization of oil shale with an augmented yields of shale oil,water and gas products.Comparatively,the effects of MgO and Fe2O3 to product yields were much weaker.All of the four metal oxides can promote the formation of H2,CH4 and C2 hydrocarbons.The content of CO2 decreased extremely for CaO,while all other metal oxides played promoting role to the formation of CO2.H2 and CH4 can be most distinctly increased for Fe2O3 and Al2O3,respectively.The content of aromatics in shale oil can be augmented by all of the four metal oxides and the effect of Fe2O3 was most significant.For the components of chain hydrocarbons,the short-chain (C6-C12) alkanes and alkenes were promoted for both of CaO and MgO,while only the short-chain alkanes were increased under the effect of Al2O3.It was deduced that the alkalinic CaO and MgO firstly reacted with the fatty acids of the organic matters,forming a fatty acid salt.Then,a decarboxylating step was followed in the way of releasing CaCO3,simultaneously generating intermediates that could be converted to both of alkanes and alkenes.However,under the acidic Al2O3,the decarboxylation product was CO2,determined a prevalent alkane product.

Key words: oil shale, shale ash, pyrolysis, metal oxide, catalysis

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