球形胶囊内约束熔化过程的LBM模拟

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20171311

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了准确预测球形胶囊内部材料的相变性能，为后续相变微胶囊浆体的多尺度研究提供微观相变信息，采用格子Boltzmann方法（LBM），引入浸入式移动边界处理方案，借鉴糊状区和热焓理论，构建了适于相变模拟的数值模型，模拟了球形胶囊内部固液相变过程，讨论了不同粒径尺度下熔化机制的区别。结果表明，利用LBM方法得到的预测结果与可视化实验数据吻合较好，清晰地呈现出球体上部温度热分层和下部液相强对流共存的特性。随着粒径尺度的不断减小，胶囊内部对流作用逐渐减弱，甚至当粒径小于3 mm时，其内部对流作用可忽略。

关键词: 相变, 多尺度, 数值模拟, 热力学, 格子Boltzmann方法

Abstract:

Phase change materials (PCMs) are mainly used to provide high storage densities. The spherical geometry is one of the most interesting cases for heat storage applications. The present study used the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to investigate constrained melting process of PCMs in a spherical capsule, which can be useful for the study on phase change phenomenon of microencapsulated PCM slurry in the future. The phase interface is traced by updating the total enthalpy, while the moving interface is treated by the immersed moving boundary scheme. The computational results of the melting process of PCMs are analyzed at different scales. The numerical simulations at macro-scale are compared with the published experimental data, and the results clearly show that the thermal stratification is in the upper of the sphere capsule while the waviness phase front is at the bottom of the solid PCM. Quantitative analysis of the temperatures at nine points, eight points along the vertical axis and the other one near the inner shell, further indicates the existence of chaotic convective motion at the bottom of the sphere capsule. In addition, the effect of the natural convection on the melting process is reduced as the decrease of capsule sizes. When the diameter of capsule is less than 3 mm, the natural convection can be ignored.

Key words: phase change, multiscale, numerical simulation, thermodynamics, lattice Boltzmann method

中图分类号:

O414.13

林琦, 王树刚, 王继红, 宋双林. 球形胶囊内约束熔化过程的LBM模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(6): 2373-2379.

LIN Qi, WANG Shugang, WANG Jihong, SONG Shuanglin. Numerical simulation of constrained melting inside spherical capsule by lattice Boltzmann method[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(6): 2373-2379.

参考文献 32

[1]	国家能源局. 太阳能发展"十三五"规划[J]. 太阳能, 2016, 12(1):5-14. National Energy Administration. Solar energy development "the 13th Five-year" planning[J]. Solar Energy, 2016, 12(1):5-14.
[2]	刘闵婕, 朱子钦, 许粲羚, 等. 球形容器内复合相变材料的约束熔化传热过程[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2016, 50(3):477-484. LIU M J, ZHU Z Q, XU C L, et al. Constrained melting heat transfer of composite phase change materials inside spherical container[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2016, 50(3):477-484.
[3]	KALNES S E, JELLEM B P. Phase change materials and products for building applications:a state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2015, 94(1):150-176.
[4]	MA Z J, LIN W Y, SOHEL M I. Nano-enhanced phase change materials for improved building performance[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 58(1):1256-1268.
[5]	尹辉斌, 高学农, 张正国. 相变温控应用于电子设备的抗热冲击性能研究[J]. 高校化学工程学报, 2017, 31(3):554-560. YIN H B, GAO X N, ZHANG Z G. Application of phase-change thermal control in heat shock resistance of electronic devices[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2017, 31(3):554-560.
[6]	高学农, 刘欣, 孙滔, 等. 基于复合相变材料的电子芯片热管理性能研究[J]. 高校化学工程学报, 2013, 27(2):187-192. GAO X N, LIU X, SUN T, et al. Research on the thermal management performance of electronic chip with composite phase change material[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2017, 27(2):187-192.
[7]	陈思彤, 李薇薇, 王学科, 等. 相变材料用于质子交换膜燃料电池的热管理[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(S1):1-6. CHEN S T, LI W W, WANG X K, et al. Thermal management using phase change materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(S1):1-6.
[8]	施尚, 余建祖, 陈梦东, 等. 基于泡沫铜/石蜡的锂电池热管理系统性能[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(7):2678-2683. SHI S, YU J Z, CHEN M D, et al. Battery thermal management system using phase change materials and foam copper[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(7):2678-2683.
[9]	DHAIDAN N S, KHODADADI J M. Melting and convection of phase change materials in different shape containers:a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 43(1):449-477.
[10]	TAN F L. Constrained and unconstrained melting inside a sphere[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008, 35(4):466-475.
[11]	TAN F L, HOSSEINIZADEH S F, KHODADADI J M, et al. Experimental and computational study of constrained melting of phase change materials (PCM) inside a spherical capsule[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52(15/16):3464-3472.
[12]	ARCHIBOLD A R, RAHMAN M M, GOSWAMI D Y, et al. Analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow during melting inside a spherical container for thermal energy storage[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 64(1):396-407.
[13]	LEE Y T, HONG S W, CHUNG J D. Effects of capsule conduction and capsule outside convection on the thermal storage performance of encapsulated thermal storage tanks[J]. Solar Energy, 2014, 110(1):56-63.
[14]	SATTARI H, MOHEBBI A, AFSAHI M M, et al. CFD simulation of melting process of phase change materials (PCMs) in a spherical capsule[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2017, 73(1):209-218.
[15]	朱子钦, 肖胜蓝, 施松鹤, 等. 相变材料在含翅片球形容器内的约束熔化传热过程[J]. 科学通报, 2015, 60(12):1125-1131. ZHU Z Q, XIAO S L, SHI S H, et al. Constrained melting heat transfer of a phase change material in a finned spherical capsule[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(12):1125-1131.
[16]	DARZI A R, JOURABIAN M, FARHADI M. Melting and solidification of PCM enhanced by radial conductive fins and nanoparticles in cylindrical annulus[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 118(1):253-263.
[17]	FAN L W, ZHU Z Q, ZENG Y, et al. Unconstrained melting heat transfer in a spherical container revisited in the presence of nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCM)[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 95(1):1057-1069.
[18]	LIU L K, ALVA G, HUANG X, et al. Preparation, heat transfer and flow properties of microencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 66(1):399-414.
[19]	方玉堂, 谢鸿洲, 梁向晖, 等. 聚苯乙烯_二氧化硅@十四烷复合纳米相变胶囊的表征及其乳液性能[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(2):800-805. FANG Y T, XIE H Z, LIANG X H, et al. Characterization of polystyrene-silica@n-tetradecane composite nano-encapsulated phase change material and its emulsion performance[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(2):800-805.
[20]	方玉堂, 万伟军. 潜热型功能热流体的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2015, 23(8):108-116. FANG Y T, WAN W J. Review on latent functionally thermal fluid[J]. Materials Review, 2009, 23(8):108-116.
[21]	李建立, 刘录. 用于功能热流体的相变材料微胶囊力学性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(7):1928-1932. LI J L, LIU L. Research progress in mechanical properties of microencapsulated phase change materials used as functional thermal fluid[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2015, 34(7):1928-1932.
[22]	QIU Z Z, MA X L, LI P, et al. Micro-encapsulated phase change material (MPCM) slurries:characterization and building applications[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 77(1):246-262.
[23]	谢静超, 汤逸羚, 张召锋, 等. 通风与相变耦合条件下围护结构最佳蓄热性能[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(7):2684-2695. XIE J C, TANG Y L, ZHANG Z F, et al. Optimum heat storage performance of building envelope under coupling condition of ventilation and phase change[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(7):2684-2695.
[24]	MONDAL S. Phase change materials for smart textiles-an overview[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2008, 28(11):1536-1550.
[25]	GIRO-PALOMA J, MARTÍNEZ M, CABEZA L F, et al. Types, methods, techniques, and applications for microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM):a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 53(1):1059-1075.
[26]	HUANG R Z, WU H Y, CHENG P. A new lattice Boltzmann model for solid-liquid phase change[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 59(1):295-301.
[27]	GUO Z L, ZHENG C G, SHI B C. Discrete lattice effects on the forcing term in the lattice Boltzmann method[J]. Physical Review E, 2002, 65(4):046308.
[28]	KRÜGER T, KUSUMAATMAJA H, KUZMIN A, et al. The Lattice Boltzmann Method:Principles and Practice[M]. Switzerland:Springer International Publishing, 2017:240-243.
[29]	MOHAMAD A A. Lattice Boltzmann Method:Fundamentals and Engineering Applications with Computer Codes[M]. Dordrecht, Netherlands:Springer Science & Business Media, 2011:54-56.
[30]	HUANG R Z, WU H Y. Total enthalpy-based lattice Boltzmann method with adaptive mesh refinement for solid-liquid phase change[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2016, 315(1):65-83.
[31]	HUANG R Z, WU H Y. Phase interface effects in the total enthalpy-based lattice Boltzmann model for solid-liquid phase change[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2015, 294(1):346-362.
[32]	COOK B K, NOBLE D R, WILLIAMS J R. A direct simulation method for particle-fluid systems[J]. Engineering Computations, 2004, 21(2/3/4):151-168.