圆筒形地下立体停车库火灾火源位置与火势蔓延规律研究

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181513

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取一个典型的圆筒形地下立体停车库作为研究对象，运用star-ccm+软件，采用数值模拟的方法对车库内自然通风条件下的火灾场景进行模拟计算。分别选择负一层、负六层以及负十层作为起火点，计算得出：火源位置越深入地下，着火车位顶棚中心温度越高，最高可达942℃，与起火点同层的车位顶棚中心温度均高于200℃。当某车辆发生火灾后，其相邻车辆、上方车辆、相对车辆将分别在起火后的240、312、322 s左右被引燃；火源位置越往下，引燃附近车辆的时间越短。同时，通过计算值与理论值的对比，讨论了计算火源附近车辆被引燃时间理论公式的适用性。

关键词: star-ccm+, 数值模拟, 辐射, 地下立体停车库, 火灾, 湍流, 火源位置

Abstract:

A typical cylindrical three-dimensional underground garage is selected as the object of this research. In the condition of the natural ventilation, star-ccm+ software was used to simulate the fire scene in the garage. The negative layer, the negative six layer and the negative ten layer are selected as the fire points respectively. It calculated out that, the deeper the fire source, the higher the center temperature of the roof. The temperature values are respectively 860, 927 and 942℃. The center temperature of parking spaces on the same floor as the fire are all higher than 200℃. When a car get fired, its adjacent vehicles, upper vehicles and relative vehicles will be ignited at about 240, 312 and 322 s. The deeper the fire source, the shorter the time it takes to ignite its nearby vehicles. At the same time, the calculated value is compared with the theoretical value. In this article, the theoretical formula for calculating the ignition time of vehicles near the fire source, is only applicable to conservative estimates of vehicles with the same level of fire and with no shelter between them. And it is not applicable to the calculation of the ignition time of upper and lower vehicles of the fire source. According to the calculation, this type of garage can not discharge heat rely on natural ventilation. It is necessary to exhaust smoke from the parking spaces in the same level as fire source, which are under greater impact, so as to control the development of the fire.

Key words: star-ccm+, numerical simulation, radiation, three-dimensional underground garage, fire, turbulent flow, fire location

中图分类号:

TU 926

彭婷, 袁中原, 袁艳平, 曹晓玲. 圆筒形地下立体停车库火灾火源位置与火势蔓延规律研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(6): 2397-2408.

Ting PENG, Zhongyuan YUAN, Yanping YUAN, Xiaoling CAO. Research on fire location and law of fire spread of cylindrical three-dimensional underground garage[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(6): 2397-2408.

图/表 27

图1 圆筒形立体停车库平面图

Fig.1 Plane graph of cylindrical underground garage(unit: mm)

图2 圆筒形立体停车库立面图

Fig.2 Vertical view of cylindrical underground garage(unit: mm)

表1 模拟工况设置

Table 1 Summary of simulated conditions

不开启

图3 不同网格尺度下同层车位顶棚温度对比

Fig.3 Temperature of parking space under different grid scales

图4 实验楼顶部排烟口示意图[25]

Fig.4 Diagrammatic sketch of smoke exhaust outlet on top of experimental building[25]

图5 实验值与模拟值对比

Fig.5 Comparison of experimental and simulated values

表2 理论引燃时间

Table 2 Theoretical value of ignition time

车辆位置	距离/m	理论引燃时间/s
相邻车辆	2.6	294.89
相对车辆	13.05	不会引燃
上层车辆	2.2	249.52

图6 负六层火源车库环形截面温度分布云图（t=10 s）

Fig.6 Temperature distribution in garage with fire source in negative sixth-floor(t=10 s)

图7 负六层火源车库环形截面温度分布云图（t=30 s）

Fig.7 Temperature distribution in garage with fire source in negative sixth-floor(t=30 s)

图8 负六层火源车库环形截面温度分布云图（t=70 s）

Fig.8 Temperature distribution in garage with fire source in negative sixth-floor(t=70 s)

图9 负六层火源车库竖向截面温度分布云图（t =10 s）

Fig.9 Temperature distribution in garage with fire source in negative sixth-floor(t =10 s)

图10 负六层火源车库竖向截面温度分布云图（t =30 s）

Fig.10 Temperature distribution in garage with fire source in negative sixth-floor(t =30 s)

图11 负六层火源车库竖向截面温度分布云图（t =70 s）

Fig.11 Temperature distribution in garage with fire source in negative sixth-floor(t =70 s)

图12 负一层火源车库竖向截面烟气浓度(t =400 s)

Fig.12 Soot density in garage with fire source in negative first-floor(t =400 s)

图13 负六层火源车库竖向截面烟气浓度(t =400 s)

Fig.13 Soot density in garage with fire source in negative sixth-floor(t =400 s)

图14 负十层火源车库竖向截面烟气浓度(t =400 s)

Fig.14 Soot density in garage with fire source in negative tenth-floor(t =400 s)

图15 负一层火源同列各车位温度分布

Fig.15 Temperature of parking spaces in same vertical direction with fire source in negative first-floor

图16 负一层火源同层各车位温度分布

Fig.16 Temperature of parking spaces in same level with fire source in negative first-floor

图17 负六层火源同列各车位顶棚温度分布

Fig.17 Temperature of parking spaces in same vertical direction with fire source in negative sixth-floor

图18 负六层火源同层各车位顶棚温度分布

Fig.18 Temperature of parking spaces in same level with fire source in negative sixth-floor

图19 负十层火源同列各车位温度分布

Fig.19 Temperature of parking spaces in same vertical direction with fire source in negative tenth-floor

图20 负十层火源同层各车位温度分布

Fig.20 Temperature of parking spaces in same level with fire source in negative tenth-floor

图21 负一层火源相邻与同列各车辆热辐射值

Fig.21 Thermal radiation value of vehicles in same vertical direction with fire source in negative first-floor

图22 负一层火源相对列各车辆热辐射值

Fig.22 Thermal radiation value of vehicles in opposite vertical direction with fire source in negative first-floor

图23 负六层火源附近车辆热辐射值

Fig.23 Thermal radiation value of vehicles with fire source in negative sixth-floor

图24 负十层火源附近车辆热辐射值

Fig.24 Thermal radiation value of vehicles with fire source in negative tenth-floor

表3 各车辆被引燃时间汇总表

Table 3 Summary of ignition time of vehicles/s

车位

负一层火源

（工况1）

负六层火源

（工况2）

负十层火源

（工况3）

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