基于神经网络的有机朗肯循环过程及循环性能计算方法

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20181521

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有机朗肯循环（ORC）是中低温热能-电能转换中最具前景的技术之一，近年来受到越来越多的关注。工质是ORC实现的载体，由于热源及可选工质的多样性，工质筛选及系统的优化对于提升ORC综合性能非常重要，而物性及过程特性的准确预测是关键。提出了基于神经网络-基团贡献法的ORC系统性能计算方法，建立了涵盖11个基团的基团表，从REFPROP中调用51种工质7958组数据进行神经网络训练，获得了ORC中各个热力过程能量转换和熵差的计算关联式。计算了21种常用工质在1584组工况下的ORC系统性能，并与基于传统方法计算的ORC系统性能参数进行了对比。结果显示预测得到的ORC系统热效率、净输出功和系统?效率与用REFPROP计算得出的结果相比误差分别为1.01%、1.02%和1.61%，相比传统方法，预测精度有显著提高。

关键词: 神经网络, 热力学性质, 预测, 基团贡献法, 有机朗肯循环

Abstract:

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is one of the most promising technologies for medium and low temperature thermal energy-electric energy conversion, and has received more and more attention in recent years. Working fluid is the carrier for energy transport or conversion in the ORC. Because of the diversity of the heat source and working substances, the screening of working fluids and the optimization of the system are very important to improve the comprehensive performance of the ORC. Accurate prediction of working fluid properties is significant for the accurate prediction and optimization of the ORC performance. Based on the artificial neural network and group contribution method (ANN-GCM), a prediction method for the ORC performance is presented. A group table covering 11 groups established, 7958 of data are derived from REFPROP for ANN training, obtaining the correlation of the energy transform and entropy difference in DRC. The performance of the ORC is tested by using 21 common refrigerants in 1584 working conditions. The error of predicting the thermal efficiency, output power, and exergetic efficiency of the ORC system with the experimental data is 1.01%, 1.02% and 1.61%. Comparing with the traditional method, the prediction accuracy is significantly improved.

Key words: neural networks, thermophysical properties, prediction, group contribution method, organic Rankine cycle

中图分类号:

TK 11⁺2

王羽鹏, 梁俊伟, 罗向龙, 李逸帆, 陈健勇, 陈颖. 基于神经网络的有机朗肯循环过程及循环性能计算方法[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(9): 3256-3266.

Yupeng WANG, Junwei LIANG, Xianglong LUO, Yifan LI, Jianyong CHEN, Ying CHEN. Novel prediction method of process and system performance for organic Rankine cycle based on neural network[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(9): 3256-3266.

图/表 13

图1 计算工质在ORC系统中性能的流程图

Fig.1 Flow for evaluating performance of working fluids in ORC

图2 ORC基本流程图(a)和T-s图(b)

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of typical ORC (a) and T-s diagram of ORC(b)

表1 基团库

Table 1 Functional groups

基团分类
—CH₃	—CH₂—	>CH—	>C<	═CH₂	═CH—
—F	—Cl	—O—	—I	═C<

图3 训练数据获取流程和神经网络运行流程

Fig.3 Flow of training data acquisition and ANN operation

表2 51种训练神经网络的工质

Table 2 51 training working fluids for neuron network

工质
R1234yf	R134a	R11	R113	R114	R115	R123	R125	R143a
R152a	R218	R227ea	R236ea	R236fa	R245ca	R245fa	propane	R32
butane	isobutane	pentane	ipentane	R1233zd	R1234ze	R141b	R142b	Re143a
R161	R21	dimethylether	R124	R1216	Re245cb2	Re245fa2	propylene	C₄F₁₀
R12	Re347mcc	CF₃I	isobutene	C₅F₁₂	neopentne	hexane	isohxane	heptane
acetone	R365mfc	cis-butene	trans-butene		dimethyl carbonate		diethyl ether

表3 神经网络训练样本中基团数总和

Table 3 Total number of groups using for training neuron network

基团	—CH₃	—CH₂—	>CH—	>C<	═C<	═CH—	═CH₂	—F	—Cl	—I	—O—
出现次数	47	28	14	50	6	9	3	147	20	1	10

表4 ANN-GCM预测ORC各个过程的能量转换的相关参数

Table 4 Parameters of using ANN-GCM for predicting heat transfer in ORC process

ANN-GCM相关参数		W _p/kW	W _t/kW	Q _evap/kJ	s _p/(J/(kg·K))	s _evap/(J/(kg·K))	s _t/(J/(kg·K))
隐层神经元个数		24			20
隐层传递函数		tansig			logsig
训练算法		L-M			B-R
R ²	训练集	0.9987	0.9999	0.9999	0.9981	0.9998	0.9999
	验证集	0.9979	0.9994	0.9999	—	—	—
	测试集	0.9981	0.9999	0.9999	0.9950	0.9641	0.9999
	总集	0.9983	0.9999	0.9999	0.9976	0.9941	0.9999
AAD/%	训练集	5.8428	1.6693	0.4365	4.8560	0.3800	0.8130
	验证集	1.3102	0.6451	0.3238	—	—	—
	测试集	2.0479	0.8767	0.2770	5.9408	1.8656	0.9509
	总集	4.5937	1.3968	0.3957	5.0187	0.6029	0.8336
Bias/%	训练集	-2.1722	-0.0856	-0.0081	-0.0102	-0.0003	-0.0003
	验证集	0.5396	0.2184	0.0690	—	—	—
	测试集	2.0479	0.8767	0.2770	-0.0106	0.0136	-0.0007
	总集	-1.5178	-0.0448	-0.0006	-0.0103	0.0018	-0.0004
RMS	训练集	0.0023	0.4738	2.6511	8.0677	66.8208	8.0677
	验证集	0.0004	0.1299	2.1518	—	—	—
	测试集	0.0019	0.4949	1.8710	38.1364	114.3525	84.2851
	总集	0.0445	0.6522	1.5682	25.9051	44.9142	69.7206

图4 ORC系统参数的ARD分布

Fig.4 Distribution of ARD of ORC process parameters

表5 21种用于验证模型的工质

Table 5 21 working fluids used to validate model

工质	CAS	分子式	相对分子质量	工质	CAS	分子式	相对分子质量
R123	306-83-2	CF₃CHCl₂	152.93	R290	74-98-6	CH₃CH₂CH₃	44.096
R125	354-33-6	CHF₂CF₃	120.02	R600	106-97-8	CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃	58.122
R134a	811-97-2	CF₃CH₂F	102.03	R600a	75-28-5	CH(CH₃)₂CH₃	58.122
R143a	420-46-2	CH₃CF₃	84.041	R601	709-66-0	CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃	72.149
R152a	75-37-6	CH₃CHF₂	66.051	R601a	78-78-4	(CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₃	72.149
R218	76-19-7	CF₃CF₂CF₃	188.02	n-C₆H₁₄	110-54-3	CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃	86.175
R227ea	431-89-0	CF₃CHFCF₃	170.03	C₅F₁₂	678-26-2	CF₃CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₃	288.03
R236ea	431-63-0	CF₃CHFCHF₂	152.04	R1233zd	102687-65-0	CHCl═CHCF₃	130.5
R236fa	690-39-1	CF₃CH₂CF₃	152.04	R1234yf	754-12-1	CH₂═CFCF₃	114.04
R245ca	679-86-7	CH₂FCF₂CHF₂	134.05	R1234ze	29118-24-9	CF₃CH═CHF	114.04
R245fa	460-73-1	CF₃CH₂CHF₂	134.05

图5 不同方法预测偏差

Fig.5 Bias using different methods

表6 不同方法预测ORC系统参数的误差对比

Table 6 AADs of process parameters using different methods

方法	AAD/%
方法	Q _evap	Q _con	W _P	W _t	W _net	η _th
本文方法	0.26	0.31	1.72	0.97	1.01	1.02
Su等^[24]	5.05	5.08	10.7	7.25	8.28	4.89
Joback等^[17]	10.95	10.98	52.69	10.26	13	5.42

图6 预测ORC各个热力过程的?损及系统?效率的ARD分布

Fig.6 Distribution of ARD of exergy loss of each process and exergetic efficiency of ORC

表7 同分异构体的预测误差

Table 7 Errors of predicting isomers

工质	EATII	T _evap/K	T _con/K	T _s/K	Error/%
工质	EATII	T _evap/K	T _con/K	T _s/K	W _p	W _t	Q _evap	Q _con	W _net	$η t h$
R236ea	35.248	360	298.15	5	1.18	0.27	0.04	0.01	0.25	0.21
R236fa	36.5556	360	298.15	5	0.59	0.56	0.12	0.04	0.60	0.48
R245ca	29.715	410	298.15	5	1.61	0.87	0.31	0.18	0.85	0.54
R245fa	28.2336	410	298.15	5	0.08	0.72	0.26	0.14	0.75	0.49

表7 同分异构体的预测误差

Table 7 Errors of predicting isomers

工质	EATII	T _evap/K	T _con/K	T _s/K	Error/%
工质	EATII	T _evap/K	T _con/K	T _s/K	W _p	W _t	Q _evap	Q _con	W _net	$η t h$
R236ea	35.248	360	298.15	5	1.18	0.27	0.04	0.01	0.25	0.21
R236fa	36.5556	360	298.15	5	0.59	0.56	0.12	0.04	0.60	0.48
R245ca	29.715	410	298.15	5	1.61	0.87	0.31	0.18	0.85	0.54
R245fa	28.2336	410	298.15	5	0.08	0.72	0.26	0.14	0.75	0.49

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