可降解纤维素基材料的耐水性能研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230316

化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (6): 2296-2307.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230316

可降解纤维素基材料的耐水性能研究进展

崔张宁¹(), 胡紫璇¹, 吴雷¹^,²(), 周军¹^,²(), 叶干¹, 刘田田¹, 张秋利¹^,², 宋永辉²^,³

^1.西安建筑科技大学化学与化工学院，陕西西安 710055
^2.陕西省黄金与资源重点实验室，陕西西安 710055
^3.西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院，陕西西安 710055

收稿日期:2023-03-30 修回日期:2023-05-25 出版日期:2023-06-05 发布日期:2023-07-27
通讯作者: 吴雷,周军
作者简介:崔张宁（1998—），女，硕士研究生，cui@xauat.edu.cn
基金资助:
陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2020TD-028);陕西省教育厅服务地方专项项目(22JC045);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目一般专项项目(22JK0278);榆林市科技计划项目(CXY-2020-058);西安建筑科技大学科技基金项目(ZR21065)

Research progress on the water resistance of degradable cellulose-based materials

Zhangning CUI¹(), Zixuan HU¹, Lei WU¹^,²(), Jun ZHOU¹^,²(), Gan YE¹, Tiantian LIU¹, Qiuli ZHANG¹^,², Yonghui SONG²^,³

^1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Gold and Resources of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China
^3.School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-03-30 Revised:2023-05-25 Online:2023-06-05 Published:2023-07-27
Contact: Lei WU, Jun ZHOU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物质资源制备塑料替代品成为当前最具吸引力的研究课题之一。纤维素是生物质中广泛存在的聚合物，因其具有可降解性、可持续性和良好力学性能等特点而被作为高价值材料的前体。然而，纤维素中丰富的羟基结构增强了亲水性，导致纤维素基材料吸水后变软，严重地影响了其力学性能。在保留纤维素环境友好特性的前提下，改善纤维素基材料的耐水性能以提高其在高湿环境下的水稳定性和力学性能，从而拓宽纤维素基材料的实际应用范围，使其成为石油基或煤基塑料的优良替代品。先通过对纤维素结构与性质的分析，引出纤维素基材料所面临的耐水性能差的问题，再介绍了纤维素基材料的耐水性能指标和行业要求，重点阐述了改善纤维素基材料耐水性能的三种优化方法，即涂覆疏水涂层、制备复合材料和施加添加剂。最后对纤维素基材料的耐水性能进行了总结和展望，提出了其在实际优化过程中存在的阻碍和挑战。

关键词: 纤维素, 耐水性能, 涂层, 复合材料, 添加剂

Abstract:

The preparation of plastic substitutes from biomass resources has become one of the most attractive research topics at present. Cellulose, a polymer widely found in biomass, has been used as a precursor of high-value materials due to its degradability, sustainability, and good mechanical properties. However, the rich hydroxyl structure in cellulose enhances its hydrophilicity, leading to the softening of cellulose-based materials after water absorption, thus their mechanical properties are seriously affected. On the premise of retaining the environment-friendly properties of cellulose, the improvement of the water resistance of cellulose-based materials is to increase their water stability and mechanical properties in high humidity environments, thereby broadening the practical application range of cellulose-based materials and making them an excellent candidate for petroleum and making them become the excellent alternatives to petroleum-based or coal-based plastics. Based on the analysis of structure and properties of cellulose, the problem of poor water resistance of cellulose-based materials was raised firstly, and then the performance indicators and industry requirements of the water resistance for cellulose-based materials were introduced. Three optimization methods (coating hydrophobic coatings, preparing composite materials, and adding additives) for the improvement of the water resistance of cellulose-based materials were emphasized. At last, the water resistance of cellulose-based materials was summarized and prospected, and the problems and challenges in their practical optimization were pointed out.

Key words: cellulose, water resistance, coating, composite, additive agent

中图分类号:

TQ 352.7

崔张宁, 胡紫璇, 吴雷, 周军, 叶干, 刘田田, 张秋利, 宋永辉. 可降解纤维素基材料的耐水性能研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2296-2307.

Zhangning CUI, Zixuan HU, Lei WU, Jun ZHOU, Gan YE, Tiantian LIU, Qiuli ZHANG, Yonghui SONG. Research progress on the water resistance of degradable cellulose-based materials[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2296-2307.

图/表 9

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标准名称及标准号	类型	要求/技术指标	文献
纸浆模塑餐具 (GB/T 36787—2018)	国家标准	注满（23±1）℃的水，静置30 min后，无渗出水印；注满（95±5）℃的水，静置30 min后，无变形，无阴渗、渗漏	[31]
纸餐盒 (GB/T 27589—2011)	国家标准	注入（95±5）℃的水静置30 min后无变形、开裂、起皮、起皱，无渗漏	[32]
纸碗 (GB/T 27591—2011)	国家标准	（95±5）℃的水加入纸碗内静置30 min后无渗漏的水印	[33]
固体食品包装用纸板 (GB/T 31123—2014)	国家标准	表面吸水性：正面≤40.0 g/m²；反面≤60.0 g/m²	[34]
医用包装纸 (GB/T 35594—2017)	国家标准	Cobb 60≤20.0 g/m²	[35]
食品包装纸 (QB/T 1014—2010)	行业标准	Cobb 60≤30.0 g/m²	[36]
一次性纸质饮用吸管标准 (T/ZZB 1494—2019)	团体标准	在模拟接触水性食物、酸性食物、含酒精类食物中浸泡2 h，纸张端口不得出现分层开口、软化现象	[29]
食品接触用一次性纸吸管标 (T/CNFIA 201—2020)	团体标准	预热至45℃的蒸馏水100 ml，加入至100 ml的比色管中，按照卷绕和非卷绕两个方向分别插入2根纸吸管，于45℃烘箱内静置3 h，无纸张分离起翘、弯折、破裂	[30]
降解型纸吸管 (T/JMES 001—2020)	团体标准	将吸管放入浸泡液后，常温环境下静置2 h，不散开，允许轻微翘边	[37]
纸基托盘 (T/ZZB 2524—2021)	团体标准	托盘面板表面吸水性应满足测试时间为60 s，吸水性≤40 g/m²	[38]

标准名称及标准号	类型	要求/技术指标	文献
纸浆模塑餐具 (GB/T 36787—2018)	国家标准	注满（23±1）℃的水，静置30 min后，无渗出水印；注满（95±5）℃的水，静置30 min后，无变形，无阴渗、渗漏	[31]
纸餐盒 (GB/T 27589—2011)	国家标准	注入（95±5）℃的水静置30 min后无变形、开裂、起皮、起皱，无渗漏	[32]
纸碗 (GB/T 27591—2011)	国家标准	（95±5）℃的水加入纸碗内静置30 min后无渗漏的水印	[33]
固体食品包装用纸板 (GB/T 31123—2014)	国家标准	表面吸水性：正面≤40.0 g/m²；反面≤60.0 g/m²	[34]
医用包装纸 (GB/T 35594—2017)	国家标准	Cobb 60≤20.0 g/m²	[35]
食品包装纸 (QB/T 1014—2010)	行业标准	Cobb 60≤30.0 g/m²	[36]
一次性纸质饮用吸管标准 (T/ZZB 1494—2019)	团体标准	在模拟接触水性食物、酸性食物、含酒精类食物中浸泡2 h，纸张端口不得出现分层开口、软化现象	[29]
食品接触用一次性纸吸管标 (T/CNFIA 201—2020)	团体标准	预热至45℃的蒸馏水100 ml，加入至100 ml的比色管中，按照卷绕和非卷绕两个方向分别插入2根纸吸管，于45℃烘箱内静置3 h，无纸张分离起翘、弯折、破裂	[30]
降解型纸吸管 (T/JMES 001—2020)	团体标准	将吸管放入浸泡液后，常温环境下静置2 h，不散开，允许轻微翘边	[37]
纸基托盘 (T/ZZB 2524—2021)	团体标准	托盘面板表面吸水性应满足测试时间为60 s，吸水性≤40 g/m²	[38]

涂层	涂布方式	最大水接触角（WCA）/(°)	Cobb 值/吸水率	文献
壳聚糖接枝聚二甲基硅氧烷	涂布机	120.53±0.96	(9.89±0.32) g/m²（Cobb 60）	[40]
壳聚糖-玉米醇溶蛋白	涂布机	96.1±5.8	4.88 g/m²（Cobb 60）	[41]
生物基聚乳酸	棒涂机	79.5	3.17 g/m²（Cobb 30）	[42]
纳米SiO₂改性硬脂酸的聚乳酸-肉桂醛	喷涂	156.3	0（Cobb 60） 0（Cobb 300） (1.2±1.0) g/m²（Cobb 600） (9.6±1.0) g/m²（Cobb 1800）	[43]
硅烷改性的超疏水纳米原纤化纤维素	喷涂	160±4	7.5 g/m²（Cobb 120）	[44]
SiO₂-乙基纤维素	浸渍/喷涂	166	36.3%（吸水率，3 h）	[45]
阳离子淀粉/巴西棕榈蜡	浸渍/喷涂	122	57%（吸水率，48 h）	[46]
SiO₂-有机改性硅酸盐	浸渍	158.2	24.1%（吸水率，24 h）	[47]

涂层	涂布方式	最大水接触角（WCA）/(°)	Cobb 值/吸水率	文献
壳聚糖接枝聚二甲基硅氧烷	涂布机	120.53±0.96	(9.89±0.32) g/m²（Cobb 60）	[40]
壳聚糖-玉米醇溶蛋白	涂布机	96.1±5.8	4.88 g/m²（Cobb 60）	[41]
生物基聚乳酸	棒涂机	79.5	3.17 g/m²（Cobb 30）	[42]
纳米SiO₂改性硬脂酸的聚乳酸-肉桂醛	喷涂	156.3	0（Cobb 60） 0（Cobb 300） (1.2±1.0) g/m²（Cobb 600） (9.6±1.0) g/m²（Cobb 1800）	[43]
硅烷改性的超疏水纳米原纤化纤维素	喷涂	160±4	7.5 g/m²（Cobb 120）	[44]
SiO₂-乙基纤维素	浸渍/喷涂	166	36.3%（吸水率，3 h）	[45]
阳离子淀粉/巴西棕榈蜡	浸渍/喷涂	122	57%（吸水率，48 h）	[46]
SiO₂-有机改性硅酸盐	浸渍	158.2	24.1%（吸水率，24 h）	[47]

添加剂	优点	缺点	文献
烷基烯酮二聚体（AKD）	低成本、低毒性，应用中用量少，pH应用范围宽	易水解，储存期短	[66]
烯基琥珀酸酐（ASA）	成本低，施胶速度快、适用pH范围宽	化学反应活性高	[65]
松香	来源天然、低黏度、高稳定性	耐水性维持时间有限	[67]
聚丙烯酸酯（ACM）	优异的光稳定性和耐候性,良好的耐水、耐碱、耐化学品性能和黏接性能	低温变脆、高温黏度变大、失强	[68]

可降解纤维素基材料的耐水性能研究进展

Research progress on the water resistance of degradable cellulose-based materials

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