柴油烃类族组成分离技术研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230773

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国炼油技术的不断提高与新能源的开发利用，燃料市场趋向饱和，柴油出现明显过剩。将柴油通过分离手段转油为化，实现族组分中芳烃/非芳烃的高效低碳分离，是实现柴油高值化利用、缓解过剩问题的重要途径。首先阐述了我国柴油族组成的分布规律，提出针对直馏柴油与催化裂化柴油（FCC柴油）进行分离时切入点的差异；详细介绍了柴油中芳烃与链烷烃的分离技术，如溶剂萃取、膜分离、吸附分离、尿素络合等，并分析讨论了各种分离技术的优劣势以及未来研究方向；最后对柴油中芳烃与链烷烃的分离进行了总结与展望。

关键词: 柴油, 分离, 溶剂萃取, 膜, 吸附, 脱蜡

Abstract:

With the continuous improvement of China’s refining technology and the development and utilization of new energy sources, the fuel market is gradually saturated, and there is an obvious surplus of diesel. Converting diesel into oil through separation to achieve efficient and low-carbon separation of aromatic hydrocarbons/non-aromatic hydrocarbons in the components is an important way to achieve high-value utilization of diesel and alleviate the problem of excess. This article first explains the distribution pattern of diesel family composition in China, and proposes the differences in entry points for the separation of straight-run diesel and catalytically cracked diesel (FCC diesel). The separation technology of aromatics and paraffins in diesel is introduced in detail, such as solvent extraction, membrane separation, adsorption separation and urea dewaxing etc. The advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques and their future research directions are discussed. Finally, the separation of aromatics and paraffins in diesel oil is summarized and prospected.

Key words: diesel, separation, solvent extraction, membranes, adsorption, dewaxing

中图分类号:

TQ 028

王尤佳, 赵亮, 高金森, 徐春明. 柴油烃类族组成分离技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 20-32.

Youjia WANG, Liang ZHAO, Jinsen GAO, Chunming XU. Research progress on separation technology of diesel hydrocarbon components[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(1): 20-32.

图/表 6

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技术类型	分离介质	分离介质的作用	分离对象	具体介质	分离效果	文献
吸附分离	吸附剂：活性炭、分子筛、氧化铝等	吸附剂表面具有对特定组分的选择性吸附能力	加氢精制柴油	MgY分子筛	R=1.32 （长周期）	[48]
溶剂萃取	互不相溶的有机溶剂/ 离子液体体系	利用链烷烃-芳烃溶解能力的差异实现对二者的重新分布	十二烷(1)/1-甲基萘(2)	环丁砜	S=285.50 D₂=0.88	[18]
			十二烷(1)/1-甲基萘(2)	二甲基亚砜	S=179.56 D₂=0.97	[19]
			十六烷(1)/1-甲基萘(2)	[BMIM][BF₄]	S=670.68 D₂=0.27	[29]
膜分离	特定孔径的半透膜	利用浓度差作为动力选择性通过不同组分	十四烷/菲	芳香聚酰亚胺膜	PSI=1.53 kg∙m^-2∙h^-1	[43]

技术类型	分离介质	分离介质的作用	分离对象	具体介质	分离效果	文献
吸附分离	吸附剂：活性炭、分子筛、氧化铝等	吸附剂表面具有对特定组分的选择性吸附能力	加氢精制柴油	MgY分子筛	R=1.32 （长周期）	[48]
溶剂萃取	互不相溶的有机溶剂/ 离子液体体系	利用链烷烃-芳烃溶解能力的差异实现对二者的重新分布	十二烷(1)/1-甲基萘(2)	环丁砜	S=285.50 D₂=0.88	[18]
			十二烷(1)/1-甲基萘(2)	二甲基亚砜	S=179.56 D₂=0.97	[19]
			十六烷(1)/1-甲基萘(2)	[BMIM][BF₄]	S=670.68 D₂=0.27	[29]
膜分离	特定孔径的半透膜	利用浓度差作为动力选择性通过不同组分	十四烷/菲	芳香聚酰亚胺膜	PSI=1.53 kg∙m^-2∙h^-1	[43]

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