微肋板表面干冰升华喷雾冷却传热数值模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231121

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对高度集成化和微型模块化高热载荷电子元器件温度控制问题，基于CFD两相求解器，采用数值实验研究了微肋板表面干冰升华喷雾冷却传热特性。结果表明微肋板表面和热源上表面的温度、传热系数、冷却热通量基本呈环形分布，越靠近中心干冰颗粒越多，温度越低，冷却性能越高。热源上表面中心线上中心温度最低，并且其冷却热通量和传热系数呈M形分布。当喷嘴入口速度和干冰占比增大时，模拟热源表面的传热系数和冷却热通量也随之增大，而温度则整体降低。在喷嘴入口速度为20 m/s，干冰占比为40%时得到相对最优的冷却热通量170 W/cm²和相对最优的传热系数12500 W/（m²·K）。

关键词: 喷雾相变冷却, 干冰升华, 传热, 数值模拟, 冷却性能

Abstract:

Aiming at the temperature control problem of highly integrated and micro-modular electronic components with high heat load, based on CFD two-phase solver, the heat transfer characteristics of dry ice sublimation spray cooling on the surface of micro-ribbed plate were studied by numerical experiments. The results show that the temperature, heat transfer coefficient and cooling heat flux on the surface of micro-ribbed plate and the upper surface of heat source are basically annular distribution. The closer to the center, the more dry ice particles, the lower the temperature and the higher the cooling performance. The center temperature on the center line of the upper surface of the heat source is the lowest, and its cooling heat flux and heat transfer coefficient are M-shaped. When the inlet velocity of the nozzle and the proportion of dry ice increase, the heat transfer coefficient and cooling heat flux on the surface of the simulated heat source also increase, while the temperature decreases as a whole. The optimal cooling heat flux of 170 W/cm² and the optimal heat transfer coefficient of 12500 W/(m²·K) were obtained when the nozzle inlet speed was 20 m/s and the dry ice ratio was 40%.

Key words: spray phase change cooling, dry ice sublimation, heat transfer, numerical simulation, cooling performance

中图分类号:

TK 124

李怡菲, 董新宇, 王为术, 刘璐, 赵一璠. 微肋板表面干冰升华喷雾冷却传热数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(5): 1830-1842.

Yifei LI, Xinyu DONG, Weishu WANG, Lu LIU, Yifan ZHAO. Numerical study on heat transfer of dry ice sublimation spray cooling on the surface of micro-ribbed plate[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(5): 1830-1842.

图/表 15

图1 换热冷却方式对比

Fig.1 Comparison of heat exchange and cooling methods

图2 二氧化碳三相图

Fig.2 Carbon dioxide three-phase diagram

图3 干冰升华喷雾冷却机理

Fig.3 Cooling mechanism of dry ice sublimation spray

图4 微肋板表面干冰升华喷雾冷却物理模型

Fig.4 Physical model of dry ice sublimation spray cooling on the surface of micro-ribbed plate

图5 网格划分模型

Fig.5 Grid division model

图6 网格验证

Fig.6 Grid verification

图7 模型验证

Fig.7 Model validation

图8 湍流模型及敏感性验证

Fig.8 Turbulence model and sensitivity verification

表1 材料参数设置

Table 1 Material parameter settings

材料参数	CO₂	干冰	铜（模拟热源）	保温材料
密度/（kg/m³）	1.7878	1562	8978	1818
热导率/（W/（m·K））	0.0145	0.086	387.6	0.288
比热容/（J/（kg·K））	$c p (t)$	54.55	381	800

表1 材料参数设置

Table 1 Material parameter settings

材料参数	CO₂	干冰	铜（模拟热源）	保温材料
密度/（kg/m³）	1.7878	1562	8978	1818
热导率/（W/（m·K））	0.0145	0.086	387.6	0.288
比热容/（J/（kg·K））	$c p (t)$	54.55	381	800

图9 干冰喷射速度云图、矢量图和示意图

Fig.9 Cloud, vector, and schematic diagrams of dry ice spray velocity

图10 不同喷射条件下热源上表面温度、冷却热通量和传热系数分布规律

Fig.10 Distribution laws of temperature, cooling heat flux and heat transfer coefficient on heat source upper surface under different injection conditions

图11 不同喷射条件下微肋板上表面温度、冷却热通量和传热系数分布

Fig.11 Distribution of upper surface temperature, cooling heat flux and heat transfer coefficient on micro-ribbed plate under different injection conditions

图12 不同喷射条件下热源中心线上温度分布规律

Fig.12 Temperature distribution law on the center line of heat source under different injection conditions

图13 不同喷嘴进口流速下模拟热源微肋板上表面平均温度和传热系数变化规律

Fig.13 Changes in average surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient on simulated heat source micro-ribbed plates under different nozzle inlet flow rates

图14 模拟热源微肋板上表面平均温度和传热系数变化规律

Fig.14 Changes in average surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient on simulated heat source micro-ribbed plates

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