微反应器内芳烃硝化反应研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240558

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

芳烃的硝化反应作为工业生产中最重要的基本反应类型之一，随着化学品安全、绿色、高效生产的要求，其反应工艺向微尺度方向的发展已是必然的趋势。如何实现微尺度芳烃硝化反应的高质量发展，是重大工程前沿方向之一。本文全面综述并剖析了硝化微反应工艺的发展和面临的问题，从微尺度硝化反应动力学研究入手，为芳烃硝化微反应工艺设计及强化指明方向，并总结了当前硝化微反应工艺中的过程强化及安全性评价方法，最后对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 硝化反应, 动力学, 传递过程, 微尺度, 微反应器

Abstract:

As one of the most important basic reaction types in industrial production, the nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons is bound to develop towards microscale with the requirements of safe, green and efficient production of chemicals. The key concern of major research projects is how to achieve high-quality development of microscale aromatic nitration. This article comprehensively reviews and analyzes the advancements and challenges of aromatic nitration in microreactors. Starting from the study of microscale nitration reaction kinetics, the direction for the design and intensification of aromatic hydrocarbon nitration microreaction process is pointed out. It summarizes current methods for kinetic study, process intensification and safety evaluation in the nitration microreaction technology. Future development directions of the aromatic nitration in microreactors will also be prospected.

Key words: nitration, kinetics, transport process, microscale, microreactor

中图分类号:

TQ 052

宋璟, 王玉军, 邓建, 陈光文, 骆广生. 微反应器内芳烃硝化反应研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(11): 3911-3922.

Jing SONG, Yujun WANG, Jian DENG, Guangwen CHEN, Guangsheng LUO. Research progress of aromatic nitration reaction in microreactors[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(11): 3911-3922.

图/表 5

图1 芳烃硝化反应机理

Fig.1 Reaction mechanism of aromatic nitration

图2 芳烃硝化微尺度反应动力学研究实验装置示意图[32, 34-35, 40, 46]

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus for the kinetic study of aromatics nitration at microscale[32, 34-35, 40, 46]

图3 芳烃硝化微尺度反应动力学研究范式

Fig.3 A paradigm for the kinetic study of aromatic nitration at microscale

表1 微尺度芳烃硝化反应动力学文献总结

Table 1 Summary of literatures on the kinetic study of microscale aromatic nitration

文献	硝化底物	相态	E_a/(kJ/mol)	lnA
[48]	乙酰愈创木酚	均相	139	—
[33]	2-乙基己醇	均相	42.67	—
[31]	三氟甲氧基苯	非均相	29.3（邻位）	8.75（邻位）
[31]	三氟甲氧基苯	非均相	26.9（对位）	9.64（对位）
[34-35]	对硝基甲苯	均相	50.21	58.39
[34-35]	邻硝基甲苯	均相	72.36	66.73
[46]	邻二氯苯	非均相	30.96	—
[40]	氯苯	均相	25.98	—
[32]	甲苯	非均相	28.00	100.15
[30]	硝基苯	非均相	71.23	7.81
[49]	三氟甲基苯	非均相	86.33	—

图4 几种具有优异分散和传质性能的新型微反应器结构[44, 54, 56-57, 63, 65]

Fig.4 Several novel microreactors with excellent microdispersion and mass transfer performance[44, 54, 56-57, 63, 65]

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