太阳能直接吸收相变集-蓄热器的放热特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241139

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于相变材料（PCM）的太阳能直接吸收相变集-蓄热器（DASSC）具有传热环节少、热能损失低、光热转化效率高的优势。PCM自身吸光能力弱、导热性能差，导致DASSC温度梯度大、传热速率慢，且现有研究大多针对DASSC的储热过程，缺少对放热过程特性的研究。为此，采用熔融共混法结合真空吸附法制备了光热转化定型复合相变材料（CPCM），并基于CPCM的高吸收性和高蓄热密度特性构建DASSC。测试了CPCM的光吸收特性和相变特性，探究了传热流体进口温度和Reynolds数对DASSC放热特性的影响规律，基于Morris方法分析了两种参数对DASSC放热速率影响的敏感性和相关性。结果表明，CPCM的吸光度是纯PCM的3.03倍。当传热流体入口温度从16.0℃降低至10.0℃时，DASSC平均放热速率提高47.7%；当Reynolds数从2462增大至5628时，DASSC平均放热速率提高15.0%。进口温度对DASSC放热速率影响的敏感性和相关性都显著高于Reynolds数。进口温度在DASSC的放热性能设计和优化中应单独计算最优值，而Reynolds数可根据正负相关性直接确定。

关键词: 相变, 太阳能, 热力学性质, 光热转化, 集-蓄热器

Abstract:

The phase change material (PCM)-based direct absorption/storage solar collector (DASSC) has the advantages of less heat transfer process, lower thermal energy loss, and higher photothermal conversion efficiency. The PCM exhibits limited light absorption capacity and low thermal conductivity, leading to significant temperature gradients and a low heat transfer rate in DASSC. Current research predominantly addresses the heat storage process in DASSC, with insufficient focus on the characteristics of the heat release process. To address this gap, a photo-thermal conversion shaped composite PCM (CPCM) is prepared using a melt blending method in conjunction with a vacuum adsorption technique. The DASSC is subsequently developed, leveraging the high absorption and substantial heat storage density properties of the CPCM. The light absorption and phase change characteristics of the CPCM are tested, and the effects of inlet temperature and Reynolds number of the heat transfer fluid on the heat release characteristics of the DASSC are investigated. The sensitivity and correlation of these two parameters on the heat release rate of DASSC are analyzed using the Morris method. The findings indicate that the absorbance of CPCM is 3.03 times that of pure PCM. Additionally, when the inlet temperature decreases from 16.0℃ to 10.0℃, the average heat release rate of DASSC increases by 47.7%. As the Reynolds number increases from 2462 to 5628, the average heat release rate of the DASSC exhibits a 15.0% enhancement. The sensitivity and correlation of the inlet temperature on the heat release rate of the DASSC are significantly higher than those of the Reynolds number. The optimal value of the inlet temperature should be calculated separately in the design and optimization of the heat release performance of DASSC, while the Reynolds number can be directly determined based on the positive and negative correlation.

Key words: phase change, solar energy, thermodynamic properties, photo-thermal conversion, storage solar collector

中图分类号:

TK 02

刘淑丽, 周文豪, 张少良, 沈永亮. 太阳能直接吸收相变集-蓄热器的放热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(4): 1722-1730.

Shuli LIU, Wenhao ZHOU, Shaoliang ZHANG, Yongliang SHEN. Heat release performance of direct absorption/storage solar collector[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(4): 1722-1730.

图/表 10

图1 太阳能直接吸收相变集-蓄热器原理图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of DASSC

图2 石蜡、膨胀石墨和PW/EG CPCM照片

Fig.2 Paraffin, expanded graphite, and PW/EG CPCM

图3 PW/EG CPCM制备流程示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the preparation process of PW/EG CPCM

图4 DASSC放热实验平台示意图(a)和实物图(b)

Fig.4 Schematic diagram (a) and physical image (b) of experimental system

表1 实验中主要仪器详细参数

Table 1 Main parameters of instruments and sensors in the experimental system

仪器/设备	参数
数据采集仪	型号 R7100
数据采集仪	精度：±0.5℃
热电偶	类型：K
	精度：±0.4%
	测试范围：-60~260℃
流量计	型号：K24
	测试范围：0.5~20 L/min
	最大工作压力：1.0 MPa
	精度：±0.5%

图5 膨胀石墨[(a)、(b)]和PW/EG CPCM[(c)、(d)]的SEM图

Fig.5 SEM images of expanded graphite [(a), (b)] and PW/EG CPCM [(c), (d)]

图6 石蜡和PW/EG CPCM的DSC曲线(a)和光谱吸收特性(b)

Fig.6 The DSC curves (a) and spectral absorption characteristics (b) of paraffin and PW/EG CPCM

图7 不同传热流体入口温度下CPCM平均温度(a)和DASSC平均放热速率(b)

Fig.7 Average temperature of CPCM (a) and average heat release rate of DASSC (b) at different inlet temperatures of heat transfer fluid

图8 不同传热流体Reynolds数下DASSC中CPCM平均温度(a)和平均放热速率(b)

Fig.8 Average temperature of CPCM (a) and average heat release rate of DASSC (b) at different Reynolds number of heat transfer fluid

表2 基于Morris方法的放热速率对影响因素的敏感性结果

Table 2 Sensitivity of heat release rate to affecting factors based on Morris method

影响因素	μ*	δ	δ/μ*
进口温度	4.8250	10.0250	2.0777
Reynolds数	0.0038	0.0020	0.5263

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