基于对比学习的乙烯裂解炉运行工况识别方法

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241291

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乙烯裂解炉是乙烯生产的核心装置，烃类原料在裂解炉中发生复杂的高温裂解反应，及时识别裂解炉运行工况变化对设备安全高效运行非常重要。裂解炉运行过程中产生大量的过程数据，这些数据通常具有多变量、高维度特性，增加了数据处理和分析的复杂性，如何基于过程数据及时检测乙烯裂解炉工况变化成为亟需解决的问题。借鉴对比学习算法在图片分类中的优秀性能，提出一类基于对比学习的裂解炉运行工况识别方法。首先，将乙烯裂解炉工业数据经归一化后，使用不同长度的时间窗动态提取数据，将其转化为灰度图片。根据图片中的信息，将图片进行数据增强后输入编码器，得到图片的全局语义、类别、内容不变性等特征。将这些特征应用于计算对比学习的损失函数，通过最小化对比损失函数，实现对灰度图片的分类。通过本文方法，可以根据过程数据快速发现工况变化，其分类准确度较通用时间序列表示学习的自监督对比学习（self-supervised contrastive learning for universal time series representation learning，TimesURL）方法有明显提升，可有效实现乙烯裂解炉工况识别。

关键词: 乙烯裂解炉, 安全, 无监督学习, 对比学习, 算法, 神经网络, 数据图像化, 工况识别

Abstract:

Ethylene cracking furnace is the core device of ethylene production, and the complex high-temperature cracking reaction of hydrocarbon raw materials occurs in the cracking furnace. It is very important to timely identify the changes in the operating conditions of the cracking furnace for the safe and efficient operation of the equipment. A large number of process data generated during the operation of ethylene cracking furnace are usually multi-variable and high-dimensional, which increases the complexity of data processing and analysis. How to timely detect the change of ethylene cracking furnace operating conditions based on process data has become an urgent problem to be solved. Referring to the excellent performance of contrastive learning algorithm in image classification, this paper proposes a method of cracking furnace operating condition recognition based on contrastive learning. Firstly, the industrial data of ethylene cracking furnace were normalized, and the data were dynamically extracted using time windows of different lengths and converted into grayscale images. According to the information in the image, the image is data-enhanced and then input into the encoder to obtain the global semantics, category, content invariance and other features of the image. These features are applied to calculate the loss function of contrastive learning, and the classification of gray images is realized by minimizing the contrastive loss function. Through the method in this paper, the changes of working conditions can be quickly found according to the process data. Its classification accuracy is significantly improved compared with the self-supervised contrastive learning for universal time series representation learning (TimesURL) method, which can effectively realize the identification of ethylene cracking furnace working conditions.

Key words: ethylene cracking furnace, safety, unsupervised learning, contrastive learning, algorithm, neural networks, data visualization, working condition identification

中图分类号:

TP 274

吴与伦, 王振雷, 王昕. 基于对比学习的乙烯裂解炉运行工况识别方法[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(6): 2733-2742.

Yulun WU, Zhenlei WANG, Xin WANG. Contrastive learning based on method for identifying operating conditions of ethylene cracking furnace[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(6): 2733-2742.

图/表 13

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参数	本文	TimesURL
模型架构	ResNet-50	TCN
学习率	0.03	0.001
批量大小	256	16
动量系数	0.999	无

参数	本文	TimesURL
模型架构	ResNet-50	TCN
学习率	0.03	0.001
批量大小	256	16
动量系数	0.999	无

灰度图大小	本文方法的准确率/%	本文方法的测试准确率/%	TimesURL 准确率/%
5×13	71.2	59.4	55.1
10×13	85.8	71.6
20×13	90.3	79.1
50×13	92.1	81.7

灰度图大小	本文方法的准确率/%	本文方法的测试准确率/%	TimesURL 准确率/%
5×13	71.2	59.4	55.1
10×13	85.8	71.6
20×13	90.3	79.1
50×13	92.1	81.7

燃料燃烧效率范围	对应热效率等级	对应热效率含义
(2.0, 3.02)	1	低
(3.02, 3.04)	2	较低
(3.04, 3.06)	3	中等
(3.06, 3.08)	4	较高
(3.08, 3.10)	5	高