Abstract: In this study, three kinds of ionic liquid, including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim]Br) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Omim]Cl), were selected to pretreat the lignocellulosic parts of oilseeds: peanut husk, peanut straw and cole straw. The untreated and pretreated materials were investigated through the compositional, enzymatic hydrolysis and structural analysis. Among the untreated materials, peanut straw with the highest sugar yield 54.31% and the lowest lignin content was considered as the preferable substrate for biofuels production. After ionic liquid pretreatment, the effect of [Bmim]Cl on sugar yield was more significant, which lead to 85.43% sugar yield for peanut straw. The structural changes were also analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR). Among the raw materials, peanut straw’s morphological structure was distinctive with broken surface, incompact structural and lower crystallinity. After pretreatment, all material turned to be more porous and rough than before. On the basis, the mechanism of lignocellulose’s dissolution by ionic liquid with different cation and anion were also discussed. The results showed that the chlorine and [Bmim]⁺ were vital on the effect of ionic liquid pretreatment.

Key words: ionic liquid, biofuel, biomass, oilseeds, lignocellulose, pretreatment

摘要： 选取了3种离子液体：氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Cl)、溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Br)以及氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([Omim]Cl)，对油料作物木质纤维素部分：花生秸秆、花生壳以及油菜秸秆进行了预处理。对处理前后的物料进行了组分、酶解产糖以及结构分析。原料经酶解后，花生秸秆的产糖率最高(54.31%)，且木质素含量最低，表明其更利于生物燃料的生产。3种离子液体中[Bmim]Cl预处理效果最好，产糖率最高可达85.43%(花生秸秆)。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)分析，花生秸秆表面最不完整，结构松散，结晶区域少。经离子液体处理后，所有物料均变得疏松多孔，表面粗糙，提高了物料的可及度。在此基础上，分析阴阳离子对于木质纤维素的溶解过程，发现氯离子和[Bmim]⁺对于纤维素的溶解影响最显著。

关键词: 离子液体, 生物燃料, 生物质, 油料作物, 木质纤维素, 预处理